Digestive System 1.1 (All the way to stomach)

Question 1

What is the transit time per organ?

Œsophage
Estomac
Intestin grêle
Côlon
Compartiment ano-recta

Answer 1

Œsophage: 10 s

Estomac: 1h-3 h

Intestin grêle: 7h-9 h

Côlon: 25h-30h

Compartiment ano-rectal: variable (normalement peu)

Question 2

What are the roles of saliva? (5)

Answer 2

éviter de s’etouffer = lubrifiant
contient l’enzyme amylase
riche en HCO3 : pH = 7
contient des composes de systeme immunitaire (IgA/ lysozyme)

hygiène bucco-dentaire

Question 3

What is the production of saliva related to?

Answer 3

 Dépend de teneur en eau de l’organisme
 Déshydratation = bouche sèche

Question 4

True or False

Saliva is stimulated via the sympathetic via acetylcholine.

Answer 4

FASLE FALSE FALSE

Saliva created via the sympathetic nervous system:

stimulated by noradrenaline: salive riche en mucine (concentrated)

Saliva created via the para-sympathetic nervous system:

stimulated by acetylcholine: salive aqueuse

Question 5

Describe production of saliva due to the para-sympathetic nervous system.

Answer 5

Stimulated by AcetylCholine

secretes** Cl- **which also leads to water release

stimulates the secretion of bradykinines→ dilation of Vx of glands

rest and digest

salive is more aqueuse

Question 6

Put these in order

Amorce péristaltisme oesophagien (onde péristaltique)
Obstruction voies respiratoires par épiglotte
Langue pousse bol alimentaire derrière bouche
Fermeture cavité nasale (réflexe)
Ouverture sphincter oesophagien supérieur

Answer 6

Langue pousse bol alimentaire derrière bouche

Fermeture cavité nasale (réflexe)

Obstruction voies respiratoires par épiglotte

Ouverture sphincter oesophagien supérieur

Amorce péristaltisme oesophagien (onde péristaltique)

Question 7

The opening of SOI (sphincter oesophagien inferieur) is induced by what?

Answer 7

Réflexe vaso-vagal (parasymathetic; Ach)

Induit par sécrétion VIP et NO: relaxation of muscle lisse

Question 8

What are the médiateurs de relaxation du SOI?

Answer 8

VIP, NO
Sécrétine
CCK
GIP
Progestérone (grossesse)

Question 9

Why is it that pregnant women are likely to have acid reflux?

Answer 9

One of the mediators of SOI relaxation is progesterone
porgesterone is released at higher concentrations during pregnancy
-> This is why pregnant women are more likely to have acid reflux because the smooth musle is relaxed

Question 10

What are factors that increase SOI pressure? When would they be released?

Answer 10

Gastrine:
prévient reflux après repas
Motiline:
prévient reflux en phase interdigestive

Question 11

True or False,

Transitional reflux can be a sign of ulciric activity

Answer 11

FALSE
Reflux sporadique de contenu gastrique (pH acide) est normal

Question 12

Vomitting

Location, role, special

Answer 12

Location:
bulbe rachidien (formation réticulée)
nitié par chémorécepteurs cérébraux area prostrema

Role:
réflexe de défense
could be pathophysiological

Special:
In this area the barrière hémato-encéphalique plus perméable (contact avec composés
chimiques et toxines) -> why it is easier to detec toxins and trigger a response

Question 13

Casues of vomiting: (7)

Answer 13

toxines
Grossesse
Odeurs
Augmentation pression cérébrale
Distension estomac (nerf vague; if there is a block in the stomach)
Inflammation gastro-intestinale
Perturbation équilibre

Question 14

What is the mecanisme of vomiting? (6)

Answer 14

Diaphragme bloqué en position inspiratoire
Contraction soudaine muscles abdominaux
Contraction simultanée duodenum
relaxation sphincters oesophagiens
Augmentation pression estomac
Expulsion contenu gastrique via œsophage

Question 15

What is the prodrome (signs of vomiting; 5)

Answer 15

dilatation pupilles, hypersalivation, sueurs,
pâleur, éructations

Question 16

What are the negative consequences of vomiting (3)?

Answer 16

Possible chemical burns of the œsophage: due to HCl

Loss of gastric liquid

dehydration (hypovolémie)