Lipunan Flashcards
lipunan
malaking pangkat ng mga tao na may karaniwang nabubuong pag-uugali, ideya, at mga saloobin, namumuhay sa isang tiyak na teritoryo, at itinuturing ang mga sarili bilang isang pamayanan o yunit.
Ang lipunan ay kakikitaan ng tunggalian ng
kapangyarihan. Ito ay nabubuo dahil sa pag-aagawan ng mga tao sa limitadong pinagkukunan ng yaman upang matugunan ang kanilang
pangangailangan
wika
- nauna sa kultura at lipunan.
- Ang wika o pagsasalita ay kauna-unahang gawi ng isang nilalang.
- gamit para makipag-ugnayan ang mga tao sa
kapwa nito mga tao. - Sa pakikipag-ugnayan ay nabubuo ang isang kultura. At dahil naman sa pagdami ng kultura ng mga tao ay nakabubuo tayo ng isang lipunan
forms of society
- hunter and gatherer
- pastoral
- horticultural
- agrarian
- feudal
- industrial
- post-industrial
- virtual
hunters and gatherers
It can be considered as the
- earliest and simplest form of society which
became prominent during the prehistoric
era. - It is characterized by the foraging of
uncultivated plants and undomesticated
animals for subsistence. - This society was small and was mainly composed of families.
- People who belonged to this form of society
were nomadic and had no permanent territory since they must move from one place to another after they have consumed the available resources there because people have not yet discovered agriculture. - As for the social structure, all members of the society, regardless of their gender, were treated equally.
pastoral
- It is characterized by the domestication and herding of animals as the primary type of food production and economic exchange. Members of this society were also engaged in handicrafts. - People who belonged to this society tends to stay longer in one place and has a larger population as they have a more stable food source as compared to the hunter-gatherer communities.
- Although, they still need to move
from one place to another when the environment is no longer in the appropriate
condition to raise and domesticate animals.
horticultural
- It is characterized by its primary mode of food cultivation which are hand tools, small gardening methods and animal domestications.
- People who belonged to this society was considered as non-nomadic because they were able to stay at a certain place for a longer period of time because they have a more stable source of food which are the animals they domesticated and crops grown from their small-scale gardening.
- In this form of society, roles of each members were more clearly defined as compared to the hunter-gatherer and pastoral communities.
agrarian society
- It is characterized by its primary mode of production which is large-scale agriculture which uses plows (ploughs) and draft animals to
grow food. - People who belongs to this form of society are no longer nomadic as they can cultivate their own food.
- An agrarian society has a much larger population than the previous types of societies that is why social structures were made to manage its members.
- Specialization were also encouraged so people can take on the different jobs that
are needed in the society.
feudal
In this society, the more land an individual owns, the more powerful he is. This is characterized by
social relations that are based on dependence, which can be described as follows: the king who owns all the lands
gives a part of it to the nobles, and in
turn gets money and knights from them;
the nobles would then give a part of the
land given to them to the knights, and
in turn they get protection and military
services; and the knights protect and lets peasant cultivate the land given to
them, and in exchange the peasants would provide them food and services. This
can be seen in the representation on the right.
industrial
This is
characterized by the use of
technology to enable mass
production This was developed in
the Western world in the period
following the Industrial Revolution.
Another characteristic of an
industrial society is its large
population due to the migration of
people from non-industrialized area
to the industrialized ones to seek
more opportunity to work. The
influx of population also gave way to
the establishment of the division of labor wherein there is a separation of the
work process into several tasks, with each task performed by a separate person
or group of persons. People are allocated in the society based on their merit,
which eventually paved way for inequality among the members of the society.
manpower pabrika
post-industrial
It is characterized
by the use of highly advanced
technology and cultural changes. This
type of society is based on knowledge,
information and sale of services. Its
members are more specialized in their
field of work and more educated which
transformed the working class into the
professional middle class. Due to the
latter, the societal divide among the
members of the society became more
apparent. Networks were also
established among the members of the
society which became much easier through the use of technology such as the
social media platforms that enables them to communicate with each other even
if they are not gathered physically which makes the member of this society larger
than the members of the previous types of society.
inventions and innovations
teorya ng estado ng kapangyarihan
- divine theory
- social contract theory
- consequentialist theory
divine theory
- Monarkiya
- ang political power ay nagmumula
sa taong itinakda ng Diyos - Pinamumunuan ng Hari o Reyna
- Hindi kailangan ng pagsang-ayon
ng mga taong nasasakupan sa
paggamit ng politikal na kapangyarihan - Absolutism - absolute authority
- jean domat
jean domat
- divine theory
- Since government is necessary for the common
good and God himself established it, it follows that those who are its subjects must be submissive and obedient. For otherwise they
would resist God, and goverment w/c should be the source of the peace and unity that make possible the public good would suffer from dissension and trouble that would destroy it…
social contract theory
- panlipunang kontrata - batas
- estado - mamamayan
- may voluntary consent ng mamamayan ang political power ng institusyon ng estado
-nakatala ang obligasyon ng mamamayan sa estado, at ng estado sa kanyang mamamayan
Ideal contract - judiciary, executive, legislative
- ang taong bigong matugunan ang kanyang obligasyon ay may katumbas na kaparusahan
- ang estadong bigong matugunan ang obligasyon ay maaaring ibagsak ng mamamayan
- Rational individuals ang nagtatag at nagdedesisyon para sa estado. state of nature
- thomas hobbes, john locke, jean-jacques rousseau
thomas hobbes
- government is necessary not bc man is bad but bc man is by nature more individualistic than social
- war of all against all
- felicity
- competition over resources
- laws of nature
john locke
- Lahat ng tao ay pantay-pantay sa Diyos
- May natural rights (mabuhay, maging malaya, at magmay-ari)
- Parusahan ang sinumang makakatapak sa karapatan ng iba
- Laws of Nature - Laws of Reason
- Wag manakit ng kapwa (maliban sa self-defense)
- Makatarungang pagpaparusa
jean jacques rousseau
- people in their natural state are basically good. but this natural innocence, however, is corrupted by the evils of society
- compassion
- Self-improvement
- Masolusyunan ang scarcity
- Jealousy, pride, greed
consequentialist theory
- utilitarianism
- greatest happiness principle
- greater good; majority
