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LIPIDS (CHEMLEC) > LIPIDS Intro REVIEWER > Flashcards

LIPIDS Intro REVIEWER Flashcards

1
Q

What are Lipids?

A

✅Fats
✅ Stored chemical energy (9kcal/g)

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2
Q

Functions of Lipids

A
  1. Covering / protection vital organs
  2. Insulation
  3. Prevention of excessive heat loss
  4. Major component in cell membrane:
    👉🏼 phospholipid, glycolipids, and cholesterol
  5. Component in hormones (chem’l msgr; cholesterol derivatives)
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3
Q

Characteristics of Lipids:

A

✅ based on solubility
(more soluble in organic solvents- dichloromethane vs water)

✅ an organic compound in living organisms that is insoluble (or sparingly soluble) in water but soluble in nonpolar organic solvents

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4
Q

Structure of Lipids:

A

ester, amides, alcohol

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5
Q

Examples:

A

fat, biological wax, steroids, glycerophospholipid, sphingophospholipid, sphingoglycolipid

fatty acids (except cholesterol, bile acids and steroid hormones)

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6
Q

5 classes of Lipids (based on fxn)

A
  1. Energy
  2. Membrane lipids
  3. Emulsification lipids
  4. Messenger lipids
  5. Protective coating lipids
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7
Q

Energy

A

Storage lipids (triacyglycerols)

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8
Q

Membrane lipids

A

phospholipids, sphingoglycolipids, cholesterol

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9
Q

Emulsification lipids

A

bile acids

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10
Q

Messenger lipids

A

steroid hormones, and eicosanoids

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11
Q

Protective coating lipids

A

biological waxes

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12
Q

Lipid Organization based on Structural Relationship

Lipids 
↙️↘️
A

Lipids
↙️ ↘️
Fatty acids Steroids

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13
Q

Fatty acids
↙️↙️ ↘️↘️

A

Fatty acids

1.Triglycerides
2. Phosphoglycerides
3. Waxes
4. Sphingolipids

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14
Q

Sphingolipids
↙️↘️

A

Sphingolipids
↙️ ↘️
Sphingomyelins Glycolipids

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15
Q

Glycolipids
↙️↘️

A

Glycolipids
↙️ ↘️
Cerebrosiders Gangliosides

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16
Q

What is Fatty acids?

A

✅ -COOH ; Monocarboxylic acids
✅ structural components of fats, oils, and all other categories of lipids, except steroids

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17
Q

categorization of fatty acids

A

✅ Long chain fa (12-26C)
✅ Medium chain fa (8-10C)
✅ Short chain fa (4-6C)

Rarely found free in nature (forms complexes with other lipid molecules)

Fa acids isolated from naturally occurring fats

18
Q

3 characteristics:

A
  1. Unbalanced C chain
  2. Even # of C (12-20)
  3. Has C-C, when present, are in vid configuration
19
Q

types of fa :

A

Saturated and Unsaturated

20
Q

Some Common Fatty Acids Found in Natural Fats

A

lauric acid
myristic acid
palmitic acid
palmitoleic acid
stearic acid
oleic acid
linoleic acid
a- linoleic acid
arachidonic acid

21
Q

linoleic and a- linoleic acids

A

✅ essential fatty acids
✅ must be obtain form diets
✅ The body uses linoleic acid to synthesize many of the other unsaturated fatty acids: ex. arachidonic acid (precursor for prostaglandins)
✅ necessary for the efficient transport and metabolism of cholesterol
✅ average daily diet ➡️ 4-6 g of the essential fatty acids

22
Q

SFA

A

saturated fa

23
Q

MUFAs

A

monounsaturated fa

24
Q

PUFAs

A

polyunsaturated fa

25
Q

SFA description:

A

✅C-C chain is single bond
ex: hexadecanoic acid (IUPAC);
palmatic acid (CN);

CH3-(CH4)14- COOH or

                               COOH /\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/\/
26
Q

MUFA description:

A

✅ fa with C chain with one C-C double bond
✅ cis
➡️ configuration of about the C-C biochemically important MUFA;
➡️ 30° bend in the chain (affects the physical prop of the fa)

ex: cis-9-octadecenoic acid (IUPAC);
oleic acid (CN)

CH3-(CH2)7-CH-CH-(CH2)7- COOH

• 500 fa isolated both MUFA and PUFA

27
Q

PUFA description:

A

✅ fa with 2 or more C-C
✅ biochemically important PUFA
➡️ 6C-C are found

ex: cis, cis-9, 12-octadecadienoic acid (IUPAC); linoleic acid (CN)

28
Q

Unsaturated fa and double bond position

shorthand:

A

shorthand: 2 numbers separated by a colon (#C:#C-C)

ex: 18: 0; 18: 2

29
Q

Unsaturated fa and double bond position

specification of C-C position add 🔼 followed by ____________ where the double bond is found ___________

A

specification of C-C position add 🔼 followed by # (superscript) where the double bond is found (COOH is always at C1

ex: 18:3 ( 🔼^9,12,15)

30
Q

MUFAs are ____ acids

A

MUFAs are 🔼^9 acids

31
Q

PUFAs first 2 additional double bonds are usually at 🔼— and🔼—

A

PUFAs first 2 additional double bonds are usually at 🔼^12 and🔼^15

exception: arachidonic acid ➡️ 20:4. (🔼^5,8,11,14)

32
Q

Families of unsaturated fa
description:

A

✅ double bond positioning (relatively to methyl or noncarboxylic end) is determined using lower case omega

ex: omega-3 fatty acid (20:5)

1 3
— — — — COOH
| \/ \/ \/ \/\/

Omega-6 fa
➡️ 14:1
➡️ 18:2
➡️ 20:3

33
Q

fa of biological importance

•saturated

  1. ___ acid (:)
  2. ___ acid (:)
  3. ___ acid (:)
  4. ___ acid (:)
  5. ___ acid (:)
A
  1. Lauric acid (12:0)
  2. Myristic acid (14:0)
  3. Palmitic acid (16:0)
  4. Stearic acid (18:0)
  5. Arachidic acid (20:0)
34
Q

fa of biological importance

•MUFA

  1. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
  2. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
A
  1. Palmitoleic acid (16:1 🔼^9 w-7)
  2. Oleic acid (18:1 🔼^9 w-9)
35
Q

fa of biological importance

•PUFA

  1. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
  2. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
  3. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
  4. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
  5. ___ acid (: 🔼^- w-_)
A
  1. Linoleic acid (18:2 🔼^9,12 w-6)
  2. Linoleic acid (18:3 🔼^9,12, 15 w-3)
  3. Arachidonic acid (20:4 🔼^5,8,11,14w-6)
  4. EPA/eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5 🔼^ 5,8,11,14,17 w-3)
  5. DHA/ docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 🔼^4,7,10,13,16,19 w-3)
36
Q

Physical properties of fa:

A

• basis: length and degree of unsaturation of the fa C chain

37
Q

Characteristics of fa:

A

• low solubilities in water
• Dec with inc #C
• at 30°C, lauric acid (12:0) has a water solubility of 0.063 g/L; stearic acid (18:0) a solubility of 0.0034 g/L
• water solubility of fa is a direct fxn of C chain length (inversely proportional)

• SCFA - slightly soluble (due to polar COOH grp)

•LCFA - insoluble in Walter (hydrocarbon dominates over carbonyl grp)

38
Q

MP

basis:

A

basis: C chain length and degree of unsaturation

39
Q

MP

C length is _______ proportional to MO due to greater SA and intermolecular attraction.

A

directly proportional

40
Q

SFA > MUFA or PUFA

(Double bonds _____ molecular attractions between C chain; ______proportional- Low MP with high or more C-C)

•cis config in MUFA and PUFA creates ____ (prevents unsat fa from packing together as tightly as SFA)

• SFA - ____ at room temp
• MUFA or PUFA - _____ at room temp

A

Double bonds decrease molecular attractions between C chain; inversely proportional- Low MP with high or more C-C

•cis config in MUFA and PUFA creates bends (prevents unsat fa from packing together as tightly as SFA)

• SFA - solid at room temp
• MUFA or PUFA - liquid at room temp

LIPIDS (CHEMLEC) (8 decks)

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