Lipids/Fatty Acids

Question 1

the roles of lipids are

Answer 1

triglycerides (fat) store energy
phospholipids create barrier between intracellular and extracellular environments
cholesterol serves as building block for hydrophobic steroid hormones

Question 2

structure of fatty acids are typically

Answer 2

long unsubstituted alkane that end in carboxylic acids that are 14 to 18 carbons long

Question 3

saturated fatty acid is when

Answer 3

there are no alkenes in the chain

all carbons are covalently bonds to maximum amount of hydrogens

Question 4

unsaturated fatty acids is when

Answer 4

there is an alkene or more present in the chain

these bonds are always Z formation

Question 5

micelle

Answer 5

depicts fatty acid hydrophobic interaction by creating a solvation shell around hydrophobic tail region on the fatty acid while the hydrophilic head is on the outside

Question 6

triacylglycerols (TG) are composed of

Answer 6

three fatty acids esterifiedd to glycerol molecule

Question 7

glycerol has three charon thiol with formula of

Answer 7

HOCH2-CHOH-CH2OH

Question 8

lipase enzyme

Answer 8

hydrolyze fats

Question 9

fats are efficient energy storage because of two reasons…

Answer 9

packing and energy content

Question 10

terpenes are class of molecules built from

Answer 10

isoprene units (C5H8) with general formula of (C5H8)n

Question 11

monoterpenes contain

Answer 11

two isoprene units

Question 12

sesquiterpenes contain

Answer 12

three isoprene units

Question 13

diterpenes contain

Answer 13

four isporene units

Question 14

squalene is a triterpene used or

Answer 14

biosynthetic manufacture of steroids

and component of earwax

Question 15

terpenoids are functionalized-terpenes built from isoprene skeleton and functionalized with other elements such as

Answer 15

O, N, S, etc

ex: vitamin A (C20H30O)

Question 16

steroids are based on the structure of

Answer 16

cholestrol

Question 17

examples of steroid hormones made from cholestrol are

Answer 17

testosterone and estradiol

Question 18

there are no receptors on steroid hormones because they are

Answer 18

highly hydrophobic thus can diffuse right through lipid bilayer membrane
*steroid receptors are located on target cells rather than on itself

Question 19

peptide hormones (insulin) exert their effects by ______ whereas, steroid hormones exert their effects by______

Answer 19

binding to receptor at the cell-surface

diffusing into cells to find their receptors

Question 20

sphinoglipids are lipids that

Answer 20

have similar structure to phospholipids, except its backbone is made up of sphingosine instead of glycerol

Question 21

important example of a sphongolipid is

Answer 21

sphingomyelin which is component of myelin sheath around neurons

Question 22

waxes are long chains of

Answer 22

esterified fats to a long alcohol chain which are extremely hydrophobic and acts as waterproof barriers
ex: in plants, serum

Question 23

fat-soluble vitamins are characterized by

Answer 23

being absorbed through dietary fat and there are four A, D, E , and K

Question 24

fat-soluble vitamins are stored in

Answer 24

adipose tissue and liver

Question 25

vitamin A is a

Answer 25

terpenoid essential for vision, growth, epithelial maintenance, and immune function

Question 26

vitamin D is a

Answer 26

steroid derived from cholesterol, which is essential in regulating blood levels of calcium and phosphate

Question 27

vitamin E is a

Answer 27

tocopherols (methylated phenols) which is essential for antioxidants

Question 28

vitamin K is a

Answer 28

coenzyme in the activation of clotting proteins

Question 29

prostaglandins are defined by

Answer 29

eicosanoids which are 20-carbon fatty acid

Question 30

prostaglandins role is

Answer 30

dependent to where they bind to but help in regulating smooth muscle contraction in intestine and uterus, regulating blood vessel diameter, maintain gastric integrity by decreasing acid secretion and increasing mucus secretion