Gluconeogenesis

Question 1

gluconeogensis occurs in the

Answer 1

liver

Question 2

in terms of glucose, there are two states the body can be in

Answer 2

fed or fasted

Question 3

in the fed state, glucose

Answer 3

is directly broken up (glycolysis) and put into blood to be use in blood glucose level regulation

Question 4

in fasted state, the first thing that can occur is when glycogen is

Answer 4

stored away in liver from the fed state to be broken down later for BGL regulation
this process can only last 10-18 hours

Question 5

in fasted state, the second thing that can occur is when body forms glucose from

Answer 5

non-carbohydrate resources such as amino acids carbon skeletons, lactate, kreb cycle intermediates, pryuvate, etc so that they can be manipulated into glucose to be used to maintain BGL and contribute ATP

Question 6

gluconeogensis is essentially the ____ of glycolysis

Answer 6

reverse

Question 7

the body has to adjust for three reactions because in glycolysis

Answer 7

three of the reactions are unidirectional

Question 8

the unidirectional reactions of glycolysis (the adjusted ones for gluconeogensis) are

Answer 8

reaction 1, reaction 3, and reaction 10

Question 9

reaction 10 of glycolysis is the conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate using pyruvate kinase

Answer 9

in gluconeogensis, pyruvate is reacted with pyruvate carboxylase enzyme to yield oxaloacetate which is then reacted with PEP carboxykinase enzyme to produce PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate)

Question 10

reaction 3 of glycolysis is the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-biphosphate using phosphofructokinase

Answer 10

in gluconeogensis, FBP is reacted with fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase enzyme to yield F6P

Question 11

reaction 1 of glycolysis is the conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate using hexokinase

Answer 11

in gluconeogensis, glucose-6-phosphate is reacted with glucose-6-phosphotase to yield glucose

Question 12

in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogensis, the fast (seconds) regulators are

Answer 12

le chatelier principle

allosteric inhibitors/activators

Question 13

in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogensis, the slow regulators (hours/days) are

Answer 13

transcription (DNA to mRNA to enzymes)

Question 14

in the regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogensis, the middle regulators are

Answer 14

hormonal

Question 15

the hormonal regulators are

Answer 15

insulin and glucagon

Question 16

when the BGL is increased, what is released?

Answer 16

insulin

Question 17

when the BGL is decreased, what is released?

Answer 17

glucagon

Question 18

insulin promotes

Answer 18

glycolysis to breakdown

Question 19

glucagon promotes

Answer 19

gluconeogensis to build