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Nutrition: Studies and Applications > Lipids - Fats and Oils > Flashcards

Lipids - Fats and Oils Flashcards

1
Q

Fats supplies _____ calories per gram

A

9

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2
Q

Fat is also referred to as ______ and _______.

A

Lipids and Fatty Acids

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3
Q

The most abundant lipid in your body and in food are ______.

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

Fatty acids are made up of what three chemicals?

A

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

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5
Q

What are the three types of saturated Fatty acids?

A

Short Chain, Medium Chain and Long Chain

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6
Q

The backbone of the fatty acid’s chain is what chemical?

A

Carbon - the links are made up of carbon atoms

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7
Q

What are the two types of fatty acids?

A

Saturated and unsaturated

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8
Q

T or F. Saturated fats interact with other molecules in the body?

A

False

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9
Q

What is an easy way to tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?

A

Saturated fats are hard at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.

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10
Q

What are the three types of unsaturated fats?

A

Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated Omega-6s
Polyunsaturated Omega-3s

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11
Q

How are trans fats formed?

A

Through a process of hydrogenation when hydrogen gas is soaked into polyunsaturated fatty acids and transformed into saturated fats. It’s mainly done to extend shelf life of a product.

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12
Q

What are the health risks associated with consumption of trans fats?

A

Increase blood cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol as well as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)

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13
Q

What are the 2 essential fatty acids?

A

Linoleic Acid - an Omega 6

Alpha-linolenic acid - an Omega 3

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14
Q

List the 5 types of lipids.

A 
Fatty acids
triglycerides
phospholipids
sterols/cholesterol
fat-soluble vitamins
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15
Q

What is the main purpose of Triglycerides?

A

They are the storage form of fat when we eat calories in excess of our energy needs.

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16
Q

What are the two functions of Phospholipids?

A

Phospholipids build the protective barrier, or membrane, around your body’s cells. In blood and body fluids, phospholipids form structures in which fat is enclosed and transported throughout the bloodstream.

17
Q

What are the 3 types of sterols?

A

Cholesterol, phytosterols (plant sterols) and some steroid hormones.

18
Q

T or F. Every tissue in the body can make cholesterol from glucose and fatty acids.

A

True

19
Q

What is a function of cholesterol in the body?

A

Cholesterol synthesizes bile acids, which are important for the digestion and absorption of lipids.

20
Q

Which organ is the principal site of fat metabolism?

A

The Liver

21
Q

Which organ secretes bile to emulsify fats, breaking them down further so that enzymes can release the fatty acids?

A

The Gallbladder

22
Q

What are the 3 primary functions of fat in the body?

A
  1. a ready source of energy
  2. Acts as a protective blanket shielding the organs from trauma and cold.
  3. Cells, tissues and organs are dependent on lipids for its health.
23
Q

Which vitamins need fat to help be absorbed?

A

Vitamin A, D, E and K

24
Q

T or F. Fats help calcium get into the body especially through the bones and teeth.

A

True

25
Q

What is a lipoprotein?

A

It is a protein that transports cholesterol in the blood.

26
Q

What are the two types of Lipoproteins?

A

LDL - Low density lipoprotien

HDL - High density Lipoprotein

27
Q

What is the function of the LDL (low density lipoprotein)?

A

It delivers cholesterol to the cells.

28
Q

What is the function of HDL (high density lipoprotein)?

A

The liver produces HDL that picks up cholesterol and return it to the liver.

29
Q

Which of the following classes of lipoproteins is referred to as “good cholesterol”?

a) chylomicron
b) VLDL
c) LDL
d) HDL

A

d) HDL

30
Q

The major form of lipid stored in adipose tissue is which of the following?

a) phopholipid c) monoglyceride
b) cholesterol d) triglyceride

A

d) triglyceride

31
Q

Where is the main place of digestion for fats in the body?

A

The small intestine

Nutrition: Studies and Applications (11 decks)

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