Lipids - Fats and Oils Flashcards
Fats supplies _____ calories per gram
9
Fat is also referred to as ______ and _______.
Lipids and Fatty Acids
The most abundant lipid in your body and in food are ______.
Fatty acids
Fatty acids are made up of what three chemicals?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What are the three types of saturated Fatty acids?
Short Chain, Medium Chain and Long Chain
The backbone of the fatty acid’s chain is what chemical?
Carbon - the links are made up of carbon atoms
What are the two types of fatty acids?
Saturated and unsaturated
T or F. Saturated fats interact with other molecules in the body?
False
What is an easy way to tell the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats?
Saturated fats are hard at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature.
What are the three types of unsaturated fats?
Monounsaturated
Polyunsaturated Omega-6s
Polyunsaturated Omega-3s
How are trans fats formed?
Through a process of hydrogenation when hydrogen gas is soaked into polyunsaturated fatty acids and transformed into saturated fats. It’s mainly done to extend shelf life of a product.
What are the health risks associated with consumption of trans fats?
Increase blood cholesterol and LDL Cholesterol as well as atherosclerosis (hardening of the arteries)
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
Linoleic Acid - an Omega 6
Alpha-linolenic acid - an Omega 3
List the 5 types of lipids.
Fatty acids triglycerides phospholipids sterols/cholesterol fat-soluble vitamins
What is the main purpose of Triglycerides?
They are the storage form of fat when we eat calories in excess of our energy needs.
What are the two functions of Phospholipids?
Phospholipids build the protective barrier, or membrane, around your body’s cells. In blood and body fluids, phospholipids form structures in which fat is enclosed and transported throughout the bloodstream.
What are the 3 types of sterols?
Cholesterol, phytosterols (plant sterols) and some steroid hormones.
T or F. Every tissue in the body can make cholesterol from glucose and fatty acids.
True
What is a function of cholesterol in the body?
Cholesterol synthesizes bile acids, which are important for the digestion and absorption of lipids.
Which organ is the principal site of fat metabolism?
The Liver
Which organ secretes bile to emulsify fats, breaking them down further so that enzymes can release the fatty acids?
The Gallbladder
What are the 3 primary functions of fat in the body?
- a ready source of energy
- Acts as a protective blanket shielding the organs from trauma and cold.
- Cells, tissues and organs are dependent on lipids for its health.
Which vitamins need fat to help be absorbed?
Vitamin A, D, E and K
T or F. Fats help calcium get into the body especially through the bones and teeth.
True
What is a lipoprotein?
It is a protein that transports cholesterol in the blood.
What are the two types of Lipoproteins?
LDL - Low density lipoprotien
HDL - High density Lipoprotein
What is the function of the LDL (low density lipoprotein)?
It delivers cholesterol to the cells.
What is the function of HDL (high density lipoprotein)?
The liver produces HDL that picks up cholesterol and return it to the liver.
Which of the following classes of lipoproteins is referred to as “good cholesterol”?
a) chylomicron
b) VLDL
c) LDL
d) HDL
d) HDL
The major form of lipid stored in adipose tissue is which of the following?
a) phopholipid c) monoglyceride
b) cholesterol d) triglyceride
d) triglyceride
Where is the main place of digestion for fats in the body?
The small intestine
