Lipids And Proteins 2.2 Flashcards
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
Which type of bond holds amino acids together in a protein?
Peptide bond
What is the primary function of proteins in the body?
To serve as structural components, enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and transport molecules
What is the main function of lipids in the body?
To store energy, provide insulation, and form cell membranes
What are the main types of lipids found in the body?
Triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols
Which type of lipid is commonly known as ‘good cholesterol’?
High-density lipoprotein (HDL)
True or False: Lipids are hydrophobic molecules.
True
What is the general structure of a lipid molecule?
A glycerol backbone with fatty acid chains attached
What is the primary difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated fatty acids have no double bonds between carbon atoms, while unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond
Which type of lipid is a major component of cell membranes?
Phospholipids
What is the role of proteins in enzyme function?
Proteins act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions in the body
What is the process of denaturation in proteins?
The alteration of a protein’s shape, leading to loss of function, due to factors such as heat, pH, or chemicals
Why are lipids considered to be more energy-dense than carbohydrates?
Lipids have a higher ratio of carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy when broken down
What is the main function of triglycerides in the body?
To store energy for later use
What is the primary source of essential fatty acids in the diet?
Dietary sources, as the body cannot synthesize them
Which lipid is a precursor for the synthesis of steroid hormones and bile acids?
Cholesterol
What is the role of lipoproteins in the body?
To transport lipids in the bloodstream
What is the recommended daily intake of protein for adults?
Around 0.8 grams of protein per kilogram of body weight
How do phospholipids contribute to the structure of cell membranes?
By forming a lipid bilayer with hydrophobic tails facing inward and hydrophilic heads facing outward
What is the function of steroid hormones in the body?
To regulate various physiological processes, such as metabolism, growth, and reproduction
What is the difference between LDL and HDL cholesterol?
LDL cholesterol is considered ‘bad’ cholesterol as it can lead to plaque buildup in arteries, while HDL cholesterol is considered ‘good’ cholesterol as it helps remove LDL from the bloodstream
What is the significance of the omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids in the diet?
They are essential fatty acids that play a crucial role in brain function, growth, and inflammation regulation
