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MBBS > Lipids and Membranes > Flashcards

Lipids and Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Lipid

A

Insoluble in water but soluble in fat and organic solvents

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2
Q

Biological function of lipids

A

Energy store
Precursors for vitamins
Steroid hormones
Bile acids
Membrane structure

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3
Q

Triglycerides

A

AKA triacyclglycerols
3 fatty acids and glycerol

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4
Q

Where are triglycerides stored?

A

In adipose tissue

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5
Q

What are fatty acids?

A

Long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids

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6
Q

Polyunsaturated fatty acid

A

Contains more than one double bond

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7
Q

What does delta symbol show?

A

The position of the double bond relative to the carboxylate group

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8
Q

What are phospholipids made of?

A

Glycerol
2 fatty acids
Phosphate containing head group

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9
Q

What is the phosphatidyl group?

A

Phosphate glycerol and fatty acid component

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10
Q

Common head groups

A

Choline
Serine
Ethanolamine
Inositol

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11
Q

What are glycolipids made of?

A

Glycerol
2 fatty acids
Head group containing sugar

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12
Q

Structure of steroids

A

Multi ring hydrophobic region
Hydrophilic region

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13
Q

Composition of plasma membrane

A

H-L
Cholestrol
Phosphatidylcholines
Phosphatidylethanolamine
Sphingophospholipid
Carbohydrate

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14
Q

Composition of outer mitochondrial membrane

A

45% Phosphatidylcholines
Others

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15
Q

Composition of inner mitochondrial membrane

A

50% Phosphatidylcholines
Others

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16
Q

Composition of nuclear membrane

A

55% Phosphatidylcholines
Others
10% Cholesterol

17
Q

PE

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

18
Q

PC

A

Phosphatidylcholines

19
Q

What happens if there are more short chain fatty acids?

A

Fewer Van der Waals
Greater fluidity

20
Q

What happens due to kinks in unsaturated fatty acids?

A

Fewer Van der Waals
Greater fluidity

21
Q

What happens if there is greater cholesterol in the membrane?

A

Lower fluidity

22
Q

Types of membrane proteins

A

Structural
Receptors
Ion channels
Transporters
Enzymes

23
Q

How to remove peripheral proteins?

A

High salt, urea
Detergent
Phospholipases

24
Q

How to remove anchored proteins?

A

Detergent
Phospholipases

25
Q

How to remove integral proteins?

A

Detergent

26
Q

TSD

A

Tay Sachs Disease
Autosomal recessive disease
Causes accumulation of GM2 gangliosides in neurone lysosomes
Defect in enzyme that breaks down GM2 gangliosides

27
Q

Trademark symptom of TSD

A

Macular cherry red spot during ophthalmology observation

28
Q

Breakdown of gangliosides

A

GM1 - GM2 - GM3 - Glc Cer - Cer - Sphingosine

29
Q

Amphipathic

A

Polar head group and non polar fatty acid tail

30
Q

What are anchored proteins?

A

Proteins that are covalently linked to a fatty acid chain or to surface glycolipid

31
Q

What are lipid rafts?

A

Ordered membrane microdomains linked to cell signalling that have high levels of cholesterol

MBBS (16 decks)

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