Building tissues from cells

Question 1

Major elements of blood

Answer 1

Plasma
Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

Proteinaceous solution in which cells circulate - carries nutrients, metabolites, blood clotting systems around the body

Question 3

Erythrocytes

Answer 3

Red blood cells that transport oxygen
Anucleate

Question 4

Leukocytes

Answer 4

Defensive role - destroy infecting organisms and remove dead/damaged tissue

Question 5

Platelets

Answer 5

First line of defence against damage to blood vessels - allows blood clotting

Question 6

Types of leukocytes

Answer 6

Neutrophils
Eosinophils
Basophils
Lymphocyte
Monocyte

Question 7

Neutrophils

Answer 7

Multi lobed nucleus
Poorly stained granules
12-14 micrometer diameter
Phagocytic - destroy microorganisms
60-70%

Question 8

Eosinophils

Answer 8

Bi lobed nucleus with bright red granules
Diameter 14-16 micrometres
First line of defence against parasites
Attracted to site of inflammation
2-4%

Question 9

Basophils

Answer 9

Bilobed nucleus with deep blue granules
14-16 micrometre diameter
Related to mast cells and have IgE receptors
<1%

Question 10

Monocytes

Answer 10

Large horse shoe shapes nucleus
Diameter less than 20 micrometres
Highly motile and phagocytic
2-8%

Question 11

Lymphocytes

Answer 11

Large nucleus with thin rim of cytoplasm
Diameter 6-9 micrometres
Responsible for adaptive immunity
Two types - B cells and T cells
20-40%

Question 12

H&E

Answer 12

Haematoxylin (blue) binds to negatively charged structures
Eosin (red) is an acidic dye and binds to positively charged structures

Question 13

Examples of artefacts during histology

Answer 13

Degradation - loss of cilia
Dehydration - shrinkage, cracks along borders
Folds - caused when placing cut section on glass slide
Lipid depletion - due to organic solvents