Lipids Flashcards
How many calories are there in 1 gram of fat?
9 calories
Which vitamins do fats carry and absorb?
A, D, E, & K.
What are the 2 essential fatty acids?
Omega 3 and Omega 6
This fatty acid destroys tiny blood clots and keeps our blood ‘thin’
Omega 3
What is amenorrhea?
Absence of menstruation due to fat deficiency
What are the 3 categories of lipids?
1) Triglycerides (95% of all fats)
2) Phospholipids
3) Sterols
What are triglycerides made up of?
Glycerol and 3 chains of C, H, and O.
What is a saturated fat?
Type of triglyceride Has a full complement of double hydrogen bonds 'Bad fat' Increases cholesterol Not essential in diet
What is an unsaturated fat?
Type of triglyceride
Missing one or two hydrogen atoms
Good fats
Lowering blood cholesterol
Which type of fat is usually liquid at room temperature?
Unsaturated (eg olive oil)
What is Hydrogenation?
Infusing hydrogen into fats to prevent oxygen from bonding.
Prevents spoiling, makes it smoother/creamier.
Creates a TRANS FAT. Bad for you.
How is a phospholipid different to a triglyceride?
Has a phosphorous molecule in place of one of the fatty acids.
It can hold together molecules of fat and water - emulsifier
What molecules does a Sterol have?
Carbon rings instead of fatty acids
What is the most common sterol?
Cholesterol
Why do we need cholesterol?
It makes:
Bile acids for fat digestion
Steroid hormones
Vitamin D
What are the two types of lipoproteins
HDL and LDL
What is better, an LDL or HDL?
HDL - removes cholesterol from heart walls and takes it back to the liver
(LDL is very dense in cholesterol and clogs arteries)
What are some good sources of Omega 6?
Vegetable oils, seeds, nuts, whole grains
What are some good sources of Omega 3?
Flax seed, canola, soybean oil, walnuts, tuna, salmon
What are some healthy fat choices?
Nuts, seeds, avocado, fatty fish, vegetable oils
What is the difference between a monounsaturated fat and a polyunsaturated fat?
Mono has one double carbon bond, Poly has many.
Why do we need polyunsaturated fats?
Required for body growth, skin, reduces cholesterol, parts of cell membranes
