Carbs Flashcards
How much of our energy supply do carbs represent?
2/3rds
What is peristalisis?
A mechanical digestion process aided by fibre from carbohydrates
What is the most significant function of carbohydrates?
Provide the energy required to support life - needed for body metabolism and temp regulation
What is excess glucose stored as?
Fat
Where are carbohydrates stored and what are they stored as?
Stored in the liver and muscles as glycogen
What happens if we do not have enough carbs?
Body uses proteins for energy instead - called glucogenesis
What is Ketosis?
When there is a lack of carbs for energy so the body convers fats from the liver instead.
Fats cannot be broken down so extra ketones are in the blood supply.
What are S+S of ketosis?
Excessive breakdown of protein
loss of sodium
involuntary dehydration
sweet odour to breath
What is acidosis?
When blood becomes too acidic due to ketosis
What are the 2 main groups of carbs?
Simple and Complex
What are the oral benefits of fibre?
Cleanses top 2/3rds of the crown
Stimulate salivary flow
How much fibre should be consumed a day?
25-30 grams
About 45-65% of your total daily calories
What are examples of simple monosaccharides?
Glucose, fructose, and galactose
What are examples of simple disaccharides?
Sucrose, lactose, maltose
What is an example of a complex polysaccharide?
Starch (amylose or amylopectin)
Where can we find starch?
grains, legumes, tubers
What are the different types of complex fibres?
- Insoluble: eg cellulose. Provides bulk
- Soluble: gums, pectins. Help lower cholesterol
- Glycogen
Where are carbs primarily sourced from?
Plants
What is the animal equivalent of starch?
Glycogen
How is a whole grain different to a refined grain?
It includes the husk so it takes longer for our body to break down, has more nutrients.
What are some good sources of carbohydrates in our diet?
Whole grains, fruits and vegetables
What is a common acronym for carbs?
CHO = carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
