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ENDOCRINE > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Inhibits lipolysis

A

Insulin
Adenosine
Niacin

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2
Q

Apo B48

A

Chylomicrons

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3
Q

Most abundant ipoprotein in HDL

A

ApoA1

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4
Q

Weight gain 18-20 yrs increases risk of DM by how much

A

5% or more

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5
Q

Caused by a deficiency in the cholesterol eaterifying enzyme LCAT

A

Lipoprotein X

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6
Q

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

A

Type III hyerlipoproteinemia

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7
Q

Pathognomonic for familial dysbetalipopriteinemia

A

Palmar xanthomas

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8
Q

The most common lipid abnormality in protease inhibitor use in human immunodeficiency virus infection

A

Hypertriglyceridemia

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9
Q

Most abundant lipoprotein in HDL

Activates LCAT

A

ApoA1

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10
Q

Activation of hepatic lipase

May disrupt the ability of HDL to promote reverse cholesterol transport

A

ApoA2

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11
Q

Apo lipoprotein
Originates in gut
Secretion induced by high fat meal

A

ApoA4

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12
Q

Apo

Involved in the hydrolysis of trihlcerode rich proteins by LPL

A

ApoA4

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13
Q

Apo

VLDL assembly and export

A

Apo B100

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14
Q

Apo

Chylomiceona

A

Apo B100

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15
Q

Apo

Impt for Tg metab

A

ApoC

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16
Q

NCEP cholesterol level values

A

<200 desirable
200-240 borderline high
> 240 high

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17
Q

Most dramatic state of severehypertriglyceridemia

A

Fasting hyperchylomicronemia

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18
Q

Mc cause of fasting hyperchylomicronemia

A

Out of control DM

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19
Q

Defective apoC2

Mc cause Dm and obesity

A

LPL deficiency

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20
Q

Elevated Tg and Tc
Normal HDL
Dfect in cleareance of remnant lipoproteins

A

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

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21
Q

Protease inhibitor use in HIV mc lipid abnormality

A

Hypertroglyceridemia

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22
Q

Screening for familial lipid abn

A

Directly measures ratio of vodl-c t plasma Tg

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23
Q

Patients with HYPO BETA LIPOPROTEINEMIA are at increased risk of

A

Hepatic steatosis

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24
Q

Traditional risk favtor for atherosclerotic CV disease

A

Total cholesterol

HDL cholesterol

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25
Q

A Tg level higher than _____ usually signifies the presence of 2 or more abnormalities of lipid metab

A

1000

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26
Q

Statin recommended

(+) ASCVD

A

<75 age high intensity

>75 moderate intensity

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27
Q

LDL > 190 mg/dL and age >21 yrs

A

High intensity statin

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28
Q

Statin
Primary prevention of diabetes
Age 40-75 yrs ldl 70-189

A

Mod intensity

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29
Q

Most effective drug to raise HDL

A

Niacin

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30
Q

Percent lowering HDL and Tg niacin

A

Tg 10-30%

Hdl increase 10-40%

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31
Q

Rx cutaneous flushing of niacin

A

Take niacin with food or with aspirin

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32
Q

Most serious side effect of niacin

A

Hepatotoxicity

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33
Q

Fibrate Tg lowering

A

30-50% increase

34
Q

Interacts NPC1L1

A

Ezetimibe

35
Q

Lowers LdL ezetibe

A

14-25%

But when combined with statin it causes an additonal 15-20% lowering

36
Q

CI ezetimibe

A

Prgnancy

Severe liver dysfunction

37
Q

Potential for increased bleeding a side effect

A

Omega 3 FA

38
Q

Statin dose recommended
As primary prevention with >7.5 10 yr ascvd risk
Age 40-75 yrs
LDL 70-189

A

Moderate ro high intensity statin

39
Q

Action of EPA and DHA

A

Decrease Tg secretion from liver

Decreases VLDL

40
Q

Major lipoprotein decreased is VLDL

A

niacin
Fibrates
omega 3 FAs

41
Q

Apidra B antisense oligonucleotide

Inhibits synthesis of lipoportein B

A

Mipomersen

42
Q

Microsomal Tg transfer protein inhibitor

A

Lomitrapide

43
Q

Omega 6 fatty acids

A

Linoleic

Arachidonic

44
Q

Omega 3 fatty acids

A

A linoleic
EPA
DHA

45
Q

Inhibits lipolysis

A

“IAN”
INsulin
Adenosin
Niacin

46
Q

Lipoprotein disorder

Low HDL

A

Familial hypo alphalipoproteinemia

Apo A1 mutations

47
Q

Kipoprotein disorder

A

LPL deficiency
ApiC2 deficiency
Familial hypertriglyceridemia

48
Q

Rate limiting step for clearance of triglycerides and essential for generation of HDL

A

Lpl

49
Q

Platform for lipolysis in plasma

A

GP1HGP1

50
Q

Esterifies cholesterol

A

ACAT
ACAT 1- macrophages atherosclerosis
ACAT2- liver in intestine promotes abdorption

51
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A 
Waist>40 in men > 30 in women
Elevated Tg> 150
Reduced HDL = men <40 women <50
Elevated BP >130 /85 systolic
FBS > 110

*3 out of 5

Phats
Pressure, hdl, abdomen ibesity, tg, sugar

52
Q

What happens to adiponectin in obesity

A

Decreased

It is increased in improved insulin sensitivity and weight loss

53
Q

Ratio of VLDLC to plasma triglycerides

A

> 0.3 in dyslbetalipoproteinemia

54
Q

Chylomicron retention syndrome

A

Anderson disease

55
Q

Rare autosomal disorder cause by a deficiency un MTP

Malabsorption if fat soluble vitamins from the intestine

A

ABetalipoproteinemia

56
Q

Low HDL

A

Familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia

57
Q

The most flagrant example of a defect in ABCA1

A

Tangier diseSe

58
Q

This study showed there is increased risk of HD at Tc more than 200 mg/dL

A

MR FIT

Mult Rf intervention trial

59
Q

LDL >190

Cholesterol reduction sbowed decrease in both CV and total mortality rates

A

4S

Sacndinavian simvastatin survival study

60
Q

CARE study statin

A

Pravastatin

61
Q

CARDS study statin

A

Atorvastatin

62
Q

JUPITER study statin

A

Rosuvastatin

63
Q

ACCORD trial study

A

Fenofibrate

64
Q

AHA recommendation statin group diabetes

A

Moderate intensity

40-75 y.o. With LDL 70-189

65
Q

AHA recommendation

Who will benefit from high intensity statin

A

Clinical ASCVD less than 75

LDL more than 190 age >21

66
Q

Px without DM who will benefit from mod to high intensity statin
Primary prevention

A

LDL > 190

67
Q

Statins with long half lives

A

Pitavastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin

68
Q

Statins with minimal renal clearance hence may be more suitable for patients with significant renal insufficiency

A

“AF while HD”
Atorvastatin
Flubastatin

69
Q

Statin which is best given with food

A

Lovastatin

70
Q

Risk of DM with statins

A
  1. 1 with mod intensity

0. 3 with high i tensity

71
Q

Contraindication of the use of fenofibrate

A
  • liver/ gallbladder disease
72
Q

Worsening of glucose tolerance Nd hyperuricemia mAy occur wuth this anti lipid treatment

A

Niacin

73
Q

Antimlipid contrainidctaed in severe peotic ulcer disease

A

Niacin

74
Q

Anti lipid Rx causing cystoid macular edema

A

Niacin

75
Q

Fibrates lower triglycerides by___

A

30-50%

76
Q

This anti lipid treatment can increase the levels of ezetimibe

A

Fibrates

77
Q

Most prevalent genetic obesity syndrome

A

MC4R

78
Q

This drug enhances lipoprotein liapse

A

Fenofibrate

79
Q

Palmar xanthomas pathognomonic of

A

Familial dysbetalipoproteinemia

80
Q

Monoclonal Ab against PCSCK inhibits degradation of LDL receptirs

A

Evolocumab

81
Q

Low levels of this mineral is a late and ominous sign in anorexia mervosa

A

Phosphorus

82
Q

Treatment of obesity acts in serotonin norepinephrine reuotake inhibitor

A

Lorcaserin

ENDOCRINE (12 decks)

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