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Nutrition > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are compounds that are soluble in organic solvent but insoluble in water?

A

lipids

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2
Q

What are the building blocks of fat and oils?

A

fatty acids

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3
Q

What are a chain of carbons with a methyl group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other?

A

fatty acids

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4
Q

What structure determines whether a fat is solid or liquid at room temperature?

A

fatty acids

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5
Q

True or False? The shorter the fatty acid chain length, the more water soluble and the more likely to be liquid at room temperature.

A

True

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6
Q

Foods rich in saturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.

A

solid

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7
Q

Foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.

A

liquid

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8
Q

True or False? Most trans fatty acids in our diet are a result of hydrogenation.

A

True

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9
Q

What shape is a cis fatty acid?

A

bent

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10
Q

What shape is trans fatty acid?

A

striaght

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11
Q

What are the essential fatty acids?

A

omega-3
omega-6
omega-9

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12
Q

What are the essential amino acids?

A 
methionine
threonine
valine
isoleucine
phenyl-alanine
trytophan
leucine
lysine
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13
Q

Omega 3 _____ inflammation.

A

reduces

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14
Q

Omega 6 _____ inflammation.

A

promotes

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15
Q

Fatty acid balance is ______.

A

CRITICAL!!!!!

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16
Q

True or False? Most fatty acids in food and body exist as a part of triglyceride molecule.

A

True

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17
Q

Three fatty acids + glycerol is what structure?

A

triglycerides

18
Q

What are 5 functions of trigylcerides?

A
  • energy source
  • energy reserve
  • insulation and protection
  • carrier of fat soluble compound (vitamins)
  • sensory qualities (contributes to flavor, odor, texture of food)
19
Q

Fat is stored inside ______.

A

adipocytes

20
Q

What nonessential nutrient is a diglyceride with a phosphate gourp with nitrogen-containing component?

A

phospholipids

21
Q

What lipid is compatible with water and fats?

A

phospholipids

22
Q

What are the 3 functions of phospholipids?

A
  • cell membranes
  • lipid transport
  • emulsifiers (lecithin)
23
Q

What has multiple-ring structure unlike triglycerides and phospholipids?

A

sterols

24
Q

What contains glycerol backbone and no FA component?

A

sterols

25
Q

True or False? Only foods of animal origin contain cholesterol.

A

True

26
Q

In the small intestine, bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids forming ______.

A

micelles

27
Q

What are water soluble globules with a fatty core?

A

micelles

28
Q

In the intestine, some monoglycerides and fatty acids re-form into ________.

A

triglycerides

29
Q

Triglycerides + cholesterol + phospholipids + proteins carrier =

A

lipoprotein

30
Q

When lipoproteins leave the intestinal cell, it is called _______.

A

chylomicron

31
Q

What percent of cholesterol is absorbed?

A

only 50% (poor absorption)

32
Q

______ increases cholesterol absorption?

A

dietary fat

33
Q

Plant phytosterols and dietary fiber ______ cholesterol absorption.

A

decreases

34
Q

In the digestive tract, fats need a water-based capsule called _______ in a water-based environment.

A

micelles

35
Q

In the blood stream, fats need a phospholipid, protein, and cholesterol capsule such as _______ or _______.

A

lipoprotein

chylomicron

36
Q

Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an ____.

A

IDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins

37
Q

What is implicated in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, impaired cognitive function, etc. ?

A

APOE4

38
Q

What disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of peptide beta-amyloid?

A

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)

39
Q

What variant is the largest known genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD in variety of ethnic groups?

A

APOE4

40
Q

True or False? High cholesterol can double the risk of AD.

A

True

Nutrition (9 decks)

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