Lipids Flashcards
What are compounds that are soluble in organic solvent but insoluble in water?
lipids
What are the building blocks of fat and oils?
fatty acids
What are a chain of carbons with a methyl group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other?
fatty acids
What structure determines whether a fat is solid or liquid at room temperature?
fatty acids
True or False? The shorter the fatty acid chain length, the more water soluble and the more likely to be liquid at room temperature.
True
Foods rich in saturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.
solid
Foods rich in unsaturated fatty acids are _____ at room temperature.
liquid
True or False? Most trans fatty acids in our diet are a result of hydrogenation.
True
What shape is a cis fatty acid?
bent
What shape is trans fatty acid?
striaght
What are the essential fatty acids?
omega-3
omega-6
omega-9
What are the essential amino acids?
methionine threonine valine isoleucine phenyl-alanine trytophan leucine lysine
Omega 3 _____ inflammation.
reduces
Omega 6 _____ inflammation.
promotes
Fatty acid balance is ______.
CRITICAL!!!!!
True or False? Most fatty acids in food and body exist as a part of triglyceride molecule.
True
Three fatty acids + glycerol is what structure?
triglycerides
What are 5 functions of trigylcerides?
- energy source
- energy reserve
- insulation and protection
- carrier of fat soluble compound (vitamins)
- sensory qualities (contributes to flavor, odor, texture of food)
Fat is stored inside ______.
adipocytes
What nonessential nutrient is a diglyceride with a phosphate gourp with nitrogen-containing component?
phospholipids
What lipid is compatible with water and fats?
phospholipids
What are the 3 functions of phospholipids?
- cell membranes
- lipid transport
- emulsifiers (lecithin)
What has multiple-ring structure unlike triglycerides and phospholipids?
sterols
What contains glycerol backbone and no FA component?
sterols
True or False? Only foods of animal origin contain cholesterol.
True
In the small intestine, bile salts surround monoglycerides and free fatty acids forming ______.
micelles
What are water soluble globules with a fatty core?
micelles
In the intestine, some monoglycerides and fatty acids re-form into ________.
triglycerides
Triglycerides + cholesterol + phospholipids + proteins carrier =
lipoprotein
When lipoproteins leave the intestinal cell, it is called _______.
chylomicron
What percent of cholesterol is absorbed?
only 50% (poor absorption)
______ increases cholesterol absorption?
dietary fat
Plant phytosterols and dietary fiber ______ cholesterol absorption.
decreases
In the digestive tract, fats need a water-based capsule called _______ in a water-based environment.
micelles
In the blood stream, fats need a phospholipid, protein, and cholesterol capsule such as _______ or _______.
lipoprotein
chylomicron
Apolipoprotein E (APOE) is an ____.
IDL, intermediate-density lipoproteins
What is implicated in atherosclerosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, impaired cognitive function, etc. ?
APOE4
What disease is characterized by build-ups of aggregates of peptide beta-amyloid?
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
What variant is the largest known genetic risk factor for late onset sporadic AD in variety of ethnic groups?
APOE4
True or False? High cholesterol can double the risk of AD.
True
