Fat Soluble Vitamins Flashcards
What vitamin is a retinoid?
vitamin A (retinol)
Retinoids are necessary for what 4 things?
- vision
- reproduction
- growth
- epithelial tissue maintenance
What does retinol get oxidized to?
retinoic acid
What is the function of reinoic acid?
it binds to chomatin, activating transcription of specific genes
Night blindness and xeropthalmia (corneal dryness that leads to blindness) are caused by what vitamin deficiencies?
vitamin A
Large amounts of vitmain A are toxic and result in _____.
hypervitaminosis A
True or False? Good sources of retinol are butter and egg yolk?
True
What are good sources of carotenes?
yellow and dark green vegetables
1,25-dihydroxylcholecalciferol is the active form of what vitamin?
vitamin D
What vitamin is responsible for calcium uptake?
vitamin D
Rickets and osteomalacia are deficiencies of what vitamin?
vitmain D
What decreases blood calcium by inhibiting mobilization from bone, absorption from intestine, and resorption by the kidney?
calcitonin, a thyroid hormone
Calcitonin opposed what?
PTH (parathyroid hormone)
Phylloquinone from plants and menaquinone from intestinal bacterial flora are forms of what vitamin?
vitamin K
What vitamin functions in carboxyaltion of glutamic acid residues in post-translational modification of blood clotting factors?
vitamin K
What vitamin deficiency is common in unsupplemented newborns and cause bleeding?
vitamin K
What vitamin’s active form can be several forms but its most active form is alpha-tocopherol?
vitamin E
What vitamin functions as an antioxidant?
vitamin E
What vitamin deficiency can lead to RBC fragility and hemolytic anemia?
vitamin E
True or False? Clinical trials have failed to show a definitive benefit from supplements of vitamin A,C, or E for the prevention of cancer or cardiovascular disease.
True
