lipids

Question 1

lipids

Answer 1

hydrophobic, not polymers act as E storage (fats) structural components of cell membranes and hormones/ steroids

Question 2

steroids

Answer 2

4 fused ring structures. cholesterol and estrogen testosterone

Question 3

saturated fats

Answer 3

don’t have double bonds, solid at rm temp

Question 4

unsaturated fats

Answer 4

have double bonds (kinks don’t allow for as good of stacking) (mono or poly unsaturated) liquid at rm temp

Question 5

phospholipids

Answer 5

amphipathic (2 fatty acids and glycerol) joined to phosphate group (polar so it dissolves in water) -hydrophilic heads face water, hydrophobic tails away allows for selective penetration

Question 6

structure

Answer 6

relates to function, give properties

Question 7

glycogen

Answer 7

animal starch. stored in liver and muscle cells.

Question 8

bilateral gynandromorphy

Answer 8

birds, butterflies, crabs. both male and female

Question 9

protein (structural and mechanical roles)

Answer 9

melanin, enzymes (such as amylase), silk. attacks invading bacteria and viruses, transports oxygen, moves muscles.

Question 10

monomer of protein

Answer 10

amino acid (NH3-CH-C-/=OO- + R) 20 dif. R groups

Question 11

polypeptides

Answer 11

chains of amino acids formed with peptide bonds

Question 12

primary (proteins)

Answer 12

order/sequence of proteins

Question 13

secondary (proteins)

Answer 13

coiling/folding (alpha helix, B pleats)

Question 14

tertiary (proteins)

Answer 14

shape due to interactions between side chains (R groups) of amino acids)

Question 15

quaternary structure (proteins)

Answer 15

when there is more than 1 polypeptide chain, the sum is the quaternary structure.

Question 16

sickle cell

Answer 16

hemoglobin misproduced/misshapen in 6th position glutamic substituted for valine- can lead to sickle cell crisis.

Question 17

Deoxyribo (NA)

Answer 17

C-G T-A , double stranded. deoxyribose is sugar

Question 18

subunit of nucleic acids

Answer 18

nucleotides (sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base- NCH in ring)

Question 19

ribo nucleic acid

Answer 19

ribose is sugar , single stranded CG UA

Question 20

anabolism

Answer 20

synthesis of larger molecules from subunits (releases water- dehydration synthesis)

Question 21

catabolism

Answer 21

break down, E to sustain life

Question 22

HED

Answer 22

hypohidripotic ectothermal dysplasia, less sweat glands, more prone to heat stroke

Question 23

Earth formed

Answer 23

4.5 billion y.a. (solar system 4.55-4.56 b.y.a.)

Question 24

universe age

Answer 24

13.7 billion years old

Question 25

primitive earth

Answer 25

highly reducing CH4 H H20 very little O2 (oxidizing)

Question 26

primordial soup model (maybe deep sea vents)

Answer 26

simple compounds in slurry of proportions can turn into metabolically active compounds. Miller Urey example (electrical discharge)

Question 27

tectonics

Answer 27

spreading centers, subduction zones. continental drift= constantly changing. influences ocean partitioning and water levels. `

Question 28

paraphyletic

Answer 28

A paraphyletic group consists of a common ancestor and some of its descendants.

Question 29

What characteristics were used to classify organisms before Woese's tree of life analysis

Answer 29

Presence of a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 30

monophyletic

Answer 30

all of descendants originate from one ancestor