funghi Flashcards
funghi can be categorized as coenocytic hyphae
no septa
funghi can be categorized as
septate hyphae, having cells divided by structures called septa
haustoria
fungal plant parasites invade host tissue with specialized structures used to absorb cellular contents of their host (decrease host fitness or cause death)
plasmogamy
fusion of cell membranes
heterokaryon
a mycelium with multiple nuclei from the two mating types
dikaryon
a mycelium with two nuclei from the two mating types; these are found in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes
karyogamy
haploid nuclei fuse to form a highly transient diploid state.
chytrids/ Chytridiomycota used to be considered protists
acquatic , mostly saprobes but also parasites, absorptive nutrition and they can have septate or coenocytic mycelium, or be unicellular. chitin walls. some members possess flagellated spores (like ancestor)** distinguising characteristic NOT monophyletic.
saprobes
decomposers that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter
microsporidians
do not have mitochondria, but they do have mitosomes. no means of locomotion, and are able to form spores that can live outside of the host cell for long periods of time
zygomycetes. zygosporangium
terrestrial and exist as saprobes in soil, on decaying plant material or on animal dung. Many common bread molds (e.g., Rhizopus stolonifer) are zygomycetes. coenocytic hyphae, with septa formed only in association with reproductive structures
glomeromycetes / arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi
monophyletic group of fungi whose members are all mycorhizzae of plants forms arbuscle
mycorhizzae
a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship. over 90% of living plants have mycorhizzae (liverwort example)
arbuscle
branched shrublike organ that penetrates the root cells of vascular plants- endophytic mycorrhizae lives within plant root
Ascomycetes
grow in concert with green algae, or occasionally a cyanobacterium
entomopathogenesis
hijacking the nervous systems of certain insects. ex. Cordyceps
lichens- known 3 parts since 2016- pioneer species
an ascomycete fungus, a basidiomycete fungus and photosynthetic partner (algae or a cyanobacterium.)
model organism
non-human organism that is studied to understand particular aspects of biology. eadily accessible, inexpensive, reproduce quickly, and are easy to keep alive in a laboratory. ex. Sordaria
ascocarp
Ascomycota is the production of four to eight sexual spores in a microscopic sac-like cell called an ascus. Hence, they are sometimes referred to as “sac fungi.” In addition, most ascomycetes bear their asci in macroscopic fruiting bodies called…ascocarp
ascomycota
known for ascus, penicillium, yeast for bread and beer
Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota
gilled fungi, club fungi because the cells (basidia) that bear the sexual spores resemble a small club, puffballs, shelf fungi, and rusts (which are important plant pathogens)
mycorrhizal
symbiotic relationship between funghi and plants (help plants better absorb nutrients and water)
basidiocarps
fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota. gills give much surface area for spores. gills are protected by the top of the cap and elevated by the stem of the basidiocarp for efficient wind dispersal of its basidiospores sometimes can emit spores in carrion smelling slime that attracts flies.
The heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy.
contains two haploid nuclei?
