funghi

Question 1

funghi can be categorized as coenocytic hyphae

Answer 1

no septa

Question 2

funghi can be categorized as

Answer 2

septate hyphae, having cells divided by structures called septa

Question 3

haustoria

Answer 3

fungal plant parasites invade host tissue with specialized structures used to absorb cellular contents of their host (decrease host fitness or cause death)

Question 4

plasmogamy

Answer 4

fusion of cell membranes

Question 5

heterokaryon

Answer 5

a mycelium with multiple nuclei from the two mating types

Question 6

dikaryon

Answer 6

a mycelium with two nuclei from the two mating types; these are found in Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

Question 7

karyogamy

Answer 7

haploid nuclei fuse to form a highly transient diploid state.

Question 8

chytrids/ Chytridiomycota used to be considered protists

Answer 8

acquatic , mostly saprobes but also parasites, absorptive nutrition and they can have septate or coenocytic mycelium, or be unicellular. chitin walls. some members possess flagellated spores (like ancestor)** distinguising characteristic NOT monophyletic.

Question 9

saprobes

Answer 9

decomposers that absorb nutrients from dead organic matter

Question 10

microsporidians

Answer 10

do not have mitochondria, but they do have mitosomes. no means of locomotion, and are able to form spores that can live outside of the host cell for long periods of time

Question 11

zygomycetes. zygosporangium

Answer 11

terrestrial and exist as saprobes in soil, on decaying plant material or on animal dung. Many common bread molds (e.g., Rhizopus stolonifer) are zygomycetes. coenocytic hyphae, with septa formed only in association with reproductive structures

Question 12

glomeromycetes / arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi

Answer 12

monophyletic group of fungi whose members are all mycorhizzae of plants forms arbuscle

Question 13

mycorhizzae

Answer 13

a fungus that grows in association with the roots of a plant in a symbiotic or mildly pathogenic relationship. over 90% of living plants have mycorhizzae (liverwort example)

Question 14

arbuscle

Answer 14

branched shrublike organ that penetrates the root cells of vascular plants- endophytic mycorrhizae lives within plant root

Question 15

Ascomycetes

Answer 15

grow in concert with green algae, or occasionally a cyanobacterium

Question 16

entomopathogenesis

Answer 16

hijacking the nervous systems of certain insects. ex. Cordyceps

Question 17

lichens- known 3 parts since 2016- pioneer species

Answer 17

an ascomycete fungus, a basidiomycete fungus and photosynthetic partner (algae or a cyanobacterium.)

Question 18

model organism

Answer 18

non-human organism that is studied to understand particular aspects of biology. eadily accessible, inexpensive, reproduce quickly, and are easy to keep alive in a laboratory. ex. Sordaria

Question 19

ascocarp

Answer 19

Ascomycota is the production of four to eight sexual spores in a microscopic sac-like cell called an ascus. Hence, they are sometimes referred to as “sac fungi.” In addition, most ascomycetes bear their asci in macroscopic fruiting bodies called…ascocarp

Question 20

ascomycota

Answer 20

known for ascus, penicillium, yeast for bread and beer

Question 21

Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota

Answer 21

gilled fungi, club fungi because the cells (basidia) that bear the sexual spores resemble a small club, puffballs, shelf fungi, and rusts (which are important plant pathogens)

Question 22

mycorrhizal

Answer 22

symbiotic relationship between funghi and plants (help plants better absorb nutrients and water)

Question 23

basidiocarps

Answer 23

fruiting bodies of Basidiomycetes/Basidiomycota. gills give much surface area for spores. gills are protected by the top of the cap and elevated by the stem of the basidiocarp for efficient wind dispersal of its basidiospores sometimes can emit spores in carrion smelling slime that attracts flies.

Question 24

The heterokaryotic stage is produced by plasmogamy.

Answer 24

contains two haploid nuclei?

Question 25

Karyogamy produces

Answer 25

a diploid zygote.

Question 26

Basidia produce spores through

Answer 26

meiosis

Question 27

In most fungi, fertilization is a two-step process consisting of the fusion of cells and then the fusion of nuclei in the fused cells.

Answer 27

fertilization

Question 28

meiosis occurs here

Answer 28

Basidia are specialized cells in the gills of a mushroom in which haploid nuclei fuse in preparation for meiosis.

Question 29

Which of the following events occurs first in the development of a spore into a mature mushroom?

Answer 29

The spore undergoes mitosis to produce hyphae, which then form a filamentous network called a mycelium.

Question 30

The sporophyte’s chromosome number per cell is 10 and the gametophyte’s is 5.

Answer 30

In a life cycle such as that shown in part III of the figure, if the zygote’s chromosome number is 10, which of the following will be true
zygote = 2N