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Clinical Chemistry Review > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant lipid

A

Phospholipids

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2
Q

Amphipathic: polar (hydrophilic head) and nonpolar (hydrophobic side chain)

A

Phospholipids

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3
Q

Reference material during 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

Sphingomyelin

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4
Q

Concentration is constant as opposed to lecithin

A

Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Not derived from glycerol but from sphingosine (amino alcohol)

A

Sphingomyelin

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6
Q

Forms of phospholipids

A

70% Lecithin/Phosphatidyl choline
20% Sphingomyelin
10% Cephalin

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7
Q

Method for L/S ratio

A

TLC + Densitometric quantitation

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8
Q

Measured by fluorescence polarization

A

Microviscosity

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9
Q

Not a source of fuel

A

Cholesterol

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10
Q

Not affected by fasting

A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

Cholesterol 70% Cholesterol ester (plasma/serum)
(plasma/serum)
(plasma/serum and RBC)

A

70% Cholesterol ester

30% Free cholesterol

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12
Q

Esterification of cholesterol

A

LCAT

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13
Q

Activator of LCAT

A

Apo A-1

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14
Q

Cholesterol increases after the age of 50: [?] between 50 and 60 years old

A

2 mg/dL/year

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15
Q

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic acid

A

Liebermann Burchardt

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16
Q

Green end color

A

Liebermann Burchardt

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17
Q

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic acid

A

Salkowski

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18
Q

Red end color

A

Salkowski

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19
Q

Color developer mixture (Cholesterol):

A

Glacial acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Conc. H2SO4

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20
Q

One-step method

A

Colorimetry (Pearson, Stern and Mac Gavack)

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21
Q

Two-step method

A

Color. + Extraction (Bloor’s)

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22
Q

Three-step method

A

Color. + Extract. + Saponification (Abell-Kendall)

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23
Q

Four-step method

A

Color. +Extract. + Sapon. + Precipitation (Schaenheimer Sperry, Parekh and Jung)

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24
Q

CDC reference method for cholesterol:
-Hydrolysis/saponification (Alc. KOH)
-Hexane extraction
-Colorimetry (Liebermann-Burchardt)

A

Abell, Levy and Brodie mtd (Chemical method)

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25
Q

Most insoluble lipid

A

Triglycerides

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26
Q

Main storage lipid in man (adipose tissue) – 95%

A

Triglycerides

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27
Q

Triglycerides Fasting:

A

12 hours

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28
Q

Chromotropic acid

A

Van Handel & Zilversmith (Colorimetric)

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29
Q

(+) Blue color compound

A

Van Handel & Zilversmith (Colorimetric)

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30
Q

Diacetyl acetone

A

Hantzsch Condensation (Fluorometric)

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31
Q

(+) Diacetyl lutidine compound

A

Hantzsch Condensation (Fluorometric)

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32
Q

CDC reference method for triglycerides:
-Alkaline hydrolysis
-Chloroform extraction = extract treated w/ silicic acid
-Color reaction w/ chromotropic acid – meas. HCHO

A

Modified Van Handel and Zilversmith (Chemical method)

33
Q

(+) Pink colored

A

Modified Van Handel and Zilversmith (Chemical method)

34
Q

Fatty acids
Short chain =
Medium chain =
Long chain =
Saturated =
Unsaturated =

A

Short chain = 4-6 C atoms
Medium chain = 8-12 C atoms
Long chain = >12 C atoms
Saturated = w/o double bonds
Unsaturated = w/ double bonds

35
Q

Substrate for gluconeogenesis

A

Fatty acids

36
Q

Most is bound to albumin

A

Fatty acids

37
Q

Palmitic acid 16:0
Stearic acid 18:0
Oleic acid 18:1
Linoleic acid 18:2
Arachidonic acid 20:4

38
Q

(Lipemia clearing factor)

A

Lipoprotein lipase

39
Q

Hydrolyzes TAG in lipoproteins, releasing fatty acid and glycerol

A

Lipoprotein lipase

40
Q

Hydrolyzes TAG and phospholipids from HDL

A

Hepatic lipase

41
Q

Hydrolyzes lipids on VLDL and IDL

A

Hepatic lipase

42
Q

Hydrolyzes phospholipids and TAG in HDL

A

Endothelial lipase

43
Q

Protein component of lipoprotein

A

Apolipoprotein

44
Q

Amphipathic helix – ability of proteins to bind to lipids

A

Apolipoprotein

45
Q

Largest and least dense

A

Chylomicrons

46
Q

Produced by the intestine

A

Chylomicrons

47
Q

SG: <0.95
80-95% TAG (exogenous)

A

Chylomicrons

48
Q

Apo B-48 (Major)
EP: Origin

A

Chylomicrons

49
Q

Secreted by the liver

50
Q

SG: 0.95-1.006
65% TAG (endogenous)

51
Q

Apo B-100 (Major)
EP: pre-beta

52
Q

Synthesized by the liver

53
Q

SG: 1.006-1.063
50% CE

54
Q

Apo B-100 (Major)
EP: beta

55
Q

Cholesterol transport: Liver > Tissues

56
Q

Target of cholesterol lowering therapy

57
Q

Better marker for CHD risk

58
Q

Smallest but dense

59
Q

SG: 1.063-1.21
45-55% protein
26-32% phospholipid

60
Q

Apo A-1 (Major)
EP: alpha

61
Q

Produced by the liver and intestine

62
Q

Reverse cholesterol transport: Tissue > Liver

63
Q

Product of VLDL catabolism

64
Q

Seen in Type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia (Apo E-III def.; beta-VLDL)

65
Q

SG: 1.006-1.019

66
Q

Sinking pre-beta lipoprotein

67
Q

SG: 1.045-1.080

68
Q

Apo B-100
EP: pre-beta (VLDL)

69
Q

UC: like LDL

70
Q

Independent risk factor for atherosclerosis

71
Q

Found in obstructive jaundice (cholestasis) and LCAT deficiency

72
Q

90% FC and PL

73
Q

Apo C and albumin

74
Q

Floating beta-lipoprotein

75
Q

SG: <1.006
EP: beta (LDL)
UC: like VLDL

76
Q

Found in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia (Apo E-III def; IDL)

77
Q

Rich in cholesterol content than VLDL

78
Q

Lipoprotein methodologies Specimen: sample from serum separator tubes (preferred) VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies EDTA plasma: choice for research studies of LPP fractions VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies Fasting state: TAG  VLDL VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies Nonfasting state: TAG  CM Ultracentrifugation Reference method for LPP quantitation Reagent: Potassium bromide (SG: 1.063) Ultracentrifugation of plasma for 24 hours Expressed in Svedberg units Electrophoresis Electrophoretic pattern: (+) HDL VLDL  LDL  CM (Origin) (-) Agarose gel: sensitive medium VLDL: migrates w/ alpha2-globulin (pre-beta) Chemical precipitation Uses polyanions (heparin and divalent cations) and polyethylene glycol Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ Heparin-Mn2+

Clinical Chemistry Review (15 decks)

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