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Clinical Chemistry Review > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Most abundant lipid

A

Phospholipids

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2
Q

Amphipathic: polar (hydrophilic head) and nonpolar (hydrophobic side chain)

A

Phospholipids

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3
Q

Reference material during 3rd trimester of pregnancy

A

Sphingomyelin

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4
Q

Concentration is constant as opposed to lecithin

A

Sphingomyelin

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5
Q

Not derived from glycerol but from sphingosine (amino alcohol)

A

Sphingomyelin

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6
Q

Forms of phospholipids

A

70% Lecithin/Phosphatidyl choline
20% Sphingomyelin
10% Cephalin

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7
Q

Method for L/S ratio

A

TLC + Densitometric quantitation

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8
Q

Measured by fluorescence polarization

A

Microviscosity

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9
Q

Not a source of fuel

A

Cholesterol

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10
Q

Not affected by fasting

A

Cholesterol

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11
Q

Cholesterol 70% Cholesterol ester (plasma/serum)
(plasma/serum)
(plasma/serum and RBC)

A

70% Cholesterol ester

30% Free cholesterol

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12
Q

Esterification of cholesterol

A

LCAT

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13
Q

Activator of LCAT

A

Apo A-1

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14
Q

Cholesterol increases after the age of 50: [?] between 50 and 60 years old

A

2 mg/dL/year

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15
Q

Cholestadienyl Monosulfonic acid

A

Liebermann Burchardt

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16
Q

Green end color

A

Liebermann Burchardt

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17
Q

Cholestadienyl Disulfonic acid

A

Salkowski

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18
Q

Red end color

A

Salkowski

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19
Q

Color developer mixture (Cholesterol):

A

Glacial acetic acid
Acetic anhydride
Conc. H2SO4

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20
Q

One-step method

A

Colorimetry (Pearson, Stern and Mac Gavack)

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21
Q

Two-step method

A

Color. + Extraction (Bloor’s)

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22
Q

Three-step method

A

Color. + Extract. + Saponification (Abell-Kendall)

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23
Q

Four-step method

A

Color. +Extract. + Sapon. + Precipitation (Schaenheimer Sperry, Parekh and Jung)

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24
Q

CDC reference method for cholesterol:
-Hydrolysis/saponification (Alc. KOH)
-Hexane extraction
-Colorimetry (Liebermann-Burchardt)

A

Abell, Levy and Brodie mtd (Chemical method)

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25
Most insoluble lipid
Triglycerides
26
Main storage lipid in man (adipose tissue) – 95%
Triglycerides
27
Triglycerides Fasting:
12 hours
28
Chromotropic acid
Van Handel & Zilversmith (Colorimetric)
29
(+) Blue color compound
Van Handel & Zilversmith (Colorimetric)
30
Diacetyl acetone
Hantzsch Condensation (Fluorometric)
31
(+) Diacetyl lutidine compound
Hantzsch Condensation (Fluorometric)
32
CDC reference method for triglycerides: -Alkaline hydrolysis -Chloroform extraction = extract treated w/ silicic acid -Color reaction w/ chromotropic acid – meas. HCHO
Modified Van Handel and Zilversmith (Chemical method)
33
(+) Pink colored
Modified Van Handel and Zilversmith (Chemical method)
34
Fatty acids Short chain = Medium chain = Long chain = Saturated = Unsaturated =
Short chain = 4-6 C atoms Medium chain = 8-12 C atoms Long chain = >12 C atoms Saturated = w/o double bonds Unsaturated = w/ double bonds
35
Substrate for gluconeogenesis
Fatty acids
36
Most is bound to albumin
Fatty acids
37
Palmitic acid 16:0 Stearic acid 18:0 Oleic acid 18:1 Linoleic acid 18:2 Arachidonic acid 20:4
38
(Lipemia clearing factor)
Lipoprotein lipase
39
Hydrolyzes TAG in lipoproteins, releasing fatty acid and glycerol
Lipoprotein lipase
40
Hydrolyzes TAG and phospholipids from HDL
Hepatic lipase
41
Hydrolyzes lipids on VLDL and IDL
Hepatic lipase
42
Hydrolyzes phospholipids and TAG in HDL
Endothelial lipase
43
Protein component of lipoprotein
Apolipoprotein
44
Amphipathic helix – ability of proteins to bind to lipids
Apolipoprotein
45
Largest and least dense
Chylomicrons
46
Produced by the intestine
Chylomicrons
47
SG: <0.95 80-95% TAG (exogenous)
Chylomicrons
48
Apo B-48 (Major) EP: Origin
Chylomicrons
49
Secreted by the liver
VLDL
50
SG: 0.95-1.006 65% TAG (endogenous)
VLDL
51
Apo B-100 (Major) EP: pre-beta
VLDL
52
Synthesized by the liver
LDL
53
SG: 1.006-1.063 50% CE
LDL
54
Apo B-100 (Major) EP: beta
LDL
55
Cholesterol transport: Liver > Tissues
LDL
56
Target of cholesterol lowering therapy
LDL
57
Better marker for CHD risk
LDL
58
Smallest but dense
HDL
59
SG: 1.063-1.21 45-55% protein 26-32% phospholipid
HDL
60
Apo A-1 (Major) EP: alpha
HDL
61
Produced by the liver and intestine
HDL
62
Reverse cholesterol transport: Tissue > Liver
HDL
63
Product of VLDL catabolism
IDL
64
Seen in Type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia (Apo E-III def.; beta-VLDL)
IDL
65
SG: 1.006-1.019
IDL
66
Sinking pre-beta lipoprotein
Lp(a)
67
SG: 1.045-1.080
Lp(a)
68
Apo B-100 EP: pre-beta (VLDL)
Lp(a)
69
UC: like LDL
Lp(a)
70
Independent risk factor for atherosclerosis
Lp(a)
71
Found in obstructive jaundice (cholestasis) and LCAT deficiency
LpX
72
90% FC and PL
LpX
73
Apo C and albumin
LpX
74
Floating beta-lipoprotein
Beta-VLDL
75
SG: <1.006 EP: beta (LDL) UC: like VLDL
Beta-VLDL
76
Found in type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia (Apo E-III def; IDL)
Beta-VLDL
77
Rich in cholesterol content than VLDL
Beta-VLDL
78
Lipoprotein methodologies Specimen: sample from serum separator tubes (preferred) VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies EDTA plasma: choice for research studies of LPP fractions VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies Fasting state: TAG  VLDL VLDL Lipoprotein methodologies Nonfasting state: TAG  CM Ultracentrifugation Reference method for LPP quantitation Reagent: Potassium bromide (SG: 1.063) Ultracentrifugation of plasma for 24 hours Expressed in Svedberg units Electrophoresis Electrophoretic pattern: (+) HDL VLDL  LDL  CM (Origin) (-) Agarose gel: sensitive medium VLDL: migrates w/ alpha2-globulin (pre-beta) Chemical precipitation Uses polyanions (heparin and divalent cations) and polyethylene glycol Dextran sulfate-Mg2+ Heparin-Mn2+

Clinical Chemistry Review (15 decks)

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