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BIOCHEM > Lipids > Flashcards

Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

Water insoluble biomolecule

A

Lipids

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2
Q

Lipids are insoluble in water, but soluble in _________ solvents including diethyl ether, dichloromethane, and acetone

A

organic

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3
Q

energy storage and metabolic fuels (fatty acids)

A

lipids

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4
Q

act as functional and structural components of the cell membrane

A

lipid bilayer

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5
Q

lipoproteins (e.g. LDL & HDL) are a mean for
__________ lipids in blood

A

transporting

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6
Q

building block of complex lipids

A

Fatty acyls

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7
Q

long-chain monocarboxylic acids

A

fatty acids

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8
Q

contains only single C–C bonds

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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9
Q

contains one or more double C=C bonds

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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10
Q

high melting points

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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11
Q

low melting points

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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12
Q

waxy solids at RT (animal fats)

A

Saturated Fatty Acid

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13
Q

liquids at RT (vegetable fats)

A

Unsaturated Fatty Acid

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14
Q

a group of signal lipids; derived from the metabolism of arachidonic acid by the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)

A

Eicosanoids

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15
Q
  • derived mainly from arachidonic acid
  • have a variety of potent biological activities of hormonal or regulatory nature
  • parent compound is prostanoic acid
  • control blood pressure
  • stimulate muscle contraction
  • inhibit platelet aggregation
  • induce inflammation
A

Prostaglandins

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16
Q

induces platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction

A

Thromboxane A2

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17
Q

inhibit the synthesis of thromboxanes by inhibiting the COX enzyme

A

Aspirin and other NSAIDs

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18
Q
  • occur mainly in leukocytes
  • produce muscle contractions, especially in the lungs and thereby can cause asthma-like attacks
  • In this regard, they are 100 times more potent than histamine
  • Several recently-developed anti-asthma drugs inhibit the synthesis of leukotrienes
A

Leukotrienes

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19
Q

comprise the bulk of storage fat; triacylglycerides (TAGs)

A

glycerolipids

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20
Q

lipids formed by esterification of three fatty acids to glycerol

A

Triacylglycerols

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21
Q

reaction of a triacylglycerol with a base producing glycerol and three molecules of fatty acids

A

Saponification

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22
Q
  • Simply, “phospholipids”
  • Comprise the lipid bilayer in cells
  • Involved in metabolism and signaling
A

glycerophospholipids

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23
Q
  • most abundant lipid in most membranes
  • have a polar head and two nonpolar tails
  • control cell permeability
A

Phosphoacylglycerol

24
Q
  • Abundant in brain and nerve tissues
  • Found in egg yolk, wheat germ, yeast
A

Phosphoacylglycerol

25
Q

where is lecithin found?

A

Phosphatidylcholine

26
Q

where is cephalin found?

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

27
Q

where is cardiolipin found?

A

Diphosphatidylglycerol

28
Q
  • the second large class of membrane lipids
  • have a polar head and two nonpolar tails
  • abundant in nervous system
A

Sphingolipids

29
Q
  • contain phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine as their polar head
  • found in the myelin sheath
A

Sphingomyelin

30
Q

a carbohydrate is bound to an alcohol group of a lipid by a glycosidic linkage

A

Glycolipids

31
Q
  • “sterol alcohols”
  • signaling molecules located along the membrane
A

sterol lipids

32
Q
  • contains aromatic alcohol which are derivatives of steroid nucleus
  • steroid nucleus
  • 3 cyclohexane rings (6 sides)
  • 1 cyclopentane ring (5 sides)
A

Steroids

33
Q
  • precursor for the synthesis of other steroids
  • weakly amphipathic
  • bulky & rigid and fits into membrane lipids disrupting membrane regularity
  • derived from squalene, a C30 terpenoid HC
A

Cholesterol

34
Q

C3 –OH can be esterified to form

A

Cholesteryl esters

35
Q
  • Cellular membranes
  • Myelin sheath, brain, and nerve tissue
  • Bile salts
  • Hormones
  • Vitamin D
A

Cholesterol in the body

36
Q
  • isoprenoids
  • Variety of functions – general health benefits
  • Examples: Terpenes, carotenoids, quinones, hydroquinone
  • Polyprenols (dolichol)
A

Prenol Lipids

37
Q
  • isoprene derived natural metabolites
  • insect and plant growth hormones
  • plant’s pleasant odors
  • lipid-like sugar carriers
A

Terpenes

38
Q
  • Fatty acid with a sugar backbone
  • Glucosamine precursor
A

Saccharolipids

39
Q

secondary metabolites of living organisms for survival; used as anti-microbial, anti-parasitic and anti-cancer

A

Polyketides

40
Q
  • esters of fatty acids with long chain alcohols
  • completely insoluble in water
  • water repellants
A

Waxes

41
Q
  • triacylglycerols (TAGs)
  • sphingolipids
  • waxes
  • phosphoacylglycerols
  • glycolipids
A

Saponifiable lipids (with fatty acids)

42
Q
  • steroids
  • terpenes
  • prostaglandins
  • leukotrienes
  • thromboxanes
A

Non-saponifiable lipids (without fatty acids)

43
Q

isoprenoid alcohol that plays a key role in vision, control of animal growth, & stimulation of development of nervous system

A

Vitamin A

44
Q

can either be consumed in diet (cod liver oil, fish livers, butter, eggs) or biosynthesize from b-carotene

A

Vitamin A

45
Q

most abundant form is D3 (cholecalciferol); regulation of Ca & P metabolism, i.e. proper deposition of Ca3(PO4)2 in bone

A

Vitamin D

46
Q

disease that results from the lack of Vit. D; bone malformation

A

Rickets

47
Q
  • has an antioxidant role = prevents attack of peroxides on unsaturated f.a. in membrane lipids
  • found in eggs & vegetable oils (corn, peanut, wheat germ)
  • deficiency: muscular dystrophy, creatinuria, anemia
A

Vitamin E (a-tocopherol)

48
Q

Vitamin K1 (phylloquinone) found in ____

A

plants

49
Q
  • important in the lymphatic synthesis of prothrombin & protein factors in blood platelets
  • deficiency: diminished intestinal absorption of lipids
A

Vitamin K

50
Q

Vitamin K2 (menaquinone) found in ____

A

animals & bacteria

51
Q

denature the proteins and disrupt the lipoprotein complexes of the egg yolk

A

Ethanol

52
Q

used to remove neutral or least polar lipids

A

Hexane

53
Q

provides a mild dehydration condition

A

Acetone

54
Q

normal phase descending chromatography based on adsorption phenomenon

A

Column Chromatography of Lipids

55
Q

Stationary Phase of Column Chromatography of Lipids

A

silica gel

56
Q
  • two-dimensional chromatography
  • Normal phase ascending chromatography based on adsorption phenomenon
A

Thin Layer Chromatography of Lipids

57
Q

Stationary Phase of thin layer Chromatography of Lipids

A

silica G-250

BIOCHEM (5 decks)

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