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BIOCHEM > Biosynthetic Pathways > Flashcards

Biosynthetic Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

If a normal biosynthetic pathway is blocked, the organism can often use the reverse of the degradation pathway for synthesis

A

Flexibility

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2
Q

This disturbs a system at dynamic equilibrium and shifts the equilibrium in the direction that counteracts the change

A

Le Chatelier’s Principle

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3
Q

Increasing reactant concentration

A

favors product formation (shifts right)

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4
Q

Increasing product concentration

A

favors reactant formation (shifts left)

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5
Q

Increasing temperature

A

favors endothermic (cold) reaction

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6
Q

Decreasing temperature

A

favors exothermic (hot) reaction

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7
Q

Increasing pressure

A

favors the side with less molecule

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8
Q

Decreasing pressure

A

favors the side with more molecules

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9
Q

What takes place in the conversion of CO2 to carbohydrates in plants?

A

Photosynthesis

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10
Q

Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources

A

Glucogenesis

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11
Q

What kind of sources are pyruvate, citric acid cycle intermediates, and glucogenic amino acids?

A

Non-carbohydrate sources

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12
Q

T or F: Glucogenesis is the not the exact reversal of glucogenesis

A

True

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13
Q

What are the irreversible steps in glycolysis?

A
  1. Phosphoenolpyruvate + ADP to pyruvate + ATP
  2. Fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate
  3. Glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
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14
Q

Steps in Glucogenesis? (after pyruvate)

A
  1. Oxaloacetate
  2. Phosphoenolpyruvate
  3. Fructose 1,6-biphosphate
  4. Fructose 6-phosphate
  5. Glucose 6-phosphate
  6. Glucose
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15
Q

Converted to other hexoses and to di-, oligo-, and polysaccharides

A

Glucose

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16
Q

Activation of glucose by Uridine Triphosphate (UTP) forms?

A

Uridine Diphosphate Glucose (UDP-glucose) + Pi

17
Q

Where does lactate from glycolysis in muscle is transported to?

A

Liver

18
Q

T or F: Glucogenesis converts lactate back to glucose in the cori cycle

A

True

19
Q

Synthesis of glycogen from glucose

A

Glucogenesis

20
Q

Where does the DEGRADATION of fatty acids take place?

A

Mitochondria

21
Q

Where does majority of fatty acids SYNTHESIS take place?

A

Cytosol

22
Q

The end product of each spiral of b-oxidation

A

Acetyl COA

23
Q

Fatty acids are synthesized ___ atoms?

A

2

24
Q

What is the multienzyme complex in fatty acid synthesis?

A

Acyl carrier protein (ACP-SH)

25
Q

T or F: ACP has a side chain that carries the growing fatty acid

A

True

26
Q

T or F: ACP rotates clockwise

A

False - counterclockwise

27
Q

Steps in Fatty Acid Biosynthesis

A
  1. Conversion to acetyl-ACP
  2. Conversion to acetyl-synthase intermediate
  3. Conversion to acetoacetyl-ACP
  4. Conversion to butyryl-ACP
  5. Conversion to hexanoyl-ACP
  6. Conversion to plamitic acid
  7. Conversion to stearic acid (for additional carbon fragment)
28
Q

What are the 2 building blocks for the synthesis of membrane lipids?

A
  1. Acyl COA derivatives
  2. Glycerol 1-phosphate
29
Q

What is obtained during the reduction of dihydroxyacetone phosphate?

A

Glycerol 1-phosphate

30
Q

What is the product when Acyl COA and Glycerol 1-phosphate is combined?

A

Phosphatidate

31
Q

An activated serine, choline, or ethanolamine is added to the phosphatidate by formation of a ____________?

A

Phosphoric ester

32
Q

Steps in Cholesterol Synthesis (after 3 moles of Acetyl-COA)

A
  1. Conversion to 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA
  2. Conversion to mevalonate
  3. Conversion to isopentenyl pyrophosphate
  4. Conversion to geranyl pyrophosphate
  5. Conversion to farnesyl pyrophosphate
33
Q

Isopentyl pyrophosphateis the key building block of?

A
  1. Steriods
  2. Bile acids
34
Q

What is the building block for the synthesis of geranyl pyrophosphate (C10) and farnesyl pyrophosphate (C15)?

A

Isopentenyl pyrophosphate

35
Q

Serves as an intermediate in the synthesis of several amino acids

A

Glutamate

36
Q

Synthesis of several amino acids by the transfer of its amino group is called?

A

Transamination

BIOCHEM (5 decks)

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