Lipids Flashcards
Fatty acid structure
Saturated = no doubles
monounsaturated = one double
polyunsaturated
Hydrophobic end of a fatty acid
carbon chain is hydrophobic
Hydrophillic end of a fatty chain
carboxyllic acid end
Cis vs Trans
cis fold back and are more U-shaped to trans fatty acids relatively linear shape
cis more likely to occur naturally
trans has higher melting point (more double bonds = lower melt temp)
more C = higher melt point
Fatty Acid Nomenclature
x:ywz x= # of carbons y= number of double bonds w= omega (counts from methyl [CH3] end, delta counts from carboxyl z= # of double bonds
Triacylglycerols
Primary storage form of body fat, 95% of dietary fat
If all fatty acids are the same then simple triacylglycerol, but if at least one is different, then mixed.
Simple (neutral) lipid
yield at most two types of primary product after hydrolysis.
Sterols
Cholesterol is most common animal sterol
Found in animal tissue (meat, eggs, dairy)
Essential component of cell membrane and nerve tissue
precursor for other steroids (bile acids, sex and adrenocortical hormones, vit D)
Hydroxyl group in 3 position on the A-ring.
complex (polar) lipid
yields three or more types of product per mole
Phosphotidylcholine
major lipid in external monolayer of plasma membrane of animal cells
Phosphotidylethanolamine
second most abundant phospholipid class
Phosphotidyl Serine
located entirely on inner monolayer surfaced of the plasma membrane and other cellular membranes. Essential cofactor for activation of protein kinase C, also involved in blood coagulation
Phosphotidylinositol
converted to diacylglycerols and inositol phosphates, important in regulating vital processes. DG - regulate protein kinase C; and PI is primary source of 20:4n-6 for eicosanoid synthesis
Plasmalogens
lipids containing an ether or vinyl ether bond
