Lipids Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two building blocks of lipids?

A

glycerol and fatty acids

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2
Q

Fatty acids

A

Long skeleton of 16-18 carbons
Last carbon is carboxyl

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3
Q

Why are fatty acids hydrophobic?

A

Because of hydrocarbons

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4
Q

Glycerol is composed of

A

3 hydroxyl groups, 2 oxygens, and 2 carbonyl groups

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5
Q

Triacylglycerol

A

Result of 3 fatty acid ester linkages to glycerol through dehydration reaction between carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.

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6
Q

Saturated fatty acid

A

No double bonds between carbon atoms
Carbon skeleton collects hydrogen atoms, saturation of hydrogen

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7
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid

A

One or more double bonds
Fewer hydrogen bonds on each double bonded carbon

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8
Q

Cis double bond

A

Causes a bend in the hydrocarbon chain, prevents molecules from packing together tightly

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9
Q

Which fats do animals have?

A

Saturated fats

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10
Q

Which fats do fish and plants have?

A

Unsaturated, cis double bonded fats

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11
Q

hydrogenating and is harmful because

A

it produces saturated fats and unsaturated trans fats, which cause heart diseases & clogged arteries

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12
Q

Phospholipids

A

Major constituents of cell membranes
Important to the existence of cells

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13
Q

Phospholipid structure

A

2 fatty acid tails attached to one glycerol head.

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14
Q

Glycerol head is hydrophilic and fatty acid tails are hydrophobic

A

True

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15
Q

Phospholipid molecular structure:

A

Hydrophilic head is a polar molecule linked to a phosphate group.
Third hydroxyl of glycerol is joined to a phosphate group

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16
Q

Phospholipid structure visual:

A
17
Q

What happens when water is added to a phospholipid?

A

Forms a bilayer that protects the hydrophobic tails from water.