4.2 - Signal Transduction

Question 1

3 stages of signal transduction

Answer 1

Reception, transduction, response

Question 2

Reception

Answer 2

Detects a signal molecule from outside the cell.

Question 3

Transduction

Answer 3

Converts signal to a form that brings a cellular response

Question 4

Response

Answer 4

Specific cellular response to signal

Question 5

Example of transduction pathways

Answer 5

Protein modification & phosphorylation cascades

Question 6

Phosphorylation cascade

Answer 6

Enhances and amplifies signal

Question 7

Protein modification

Answer 7

Protein synthesis turns genes on/off in the cytoplasm, regulates protein activity

Question 8

How does signaling begin?

Answer 8

Ligand is recognized by a receptor protein in the target cell.

Question 9

Signaling cascades

Answer 9

Relay signals from receptors to cell targets
- Amplifies incoming signals.
- Cell growth, molecule secretion, gene expression

Question 10

How is transduction initiated?

Answer 10

Receptor protein changes shape after the ligand binds.

Question 11

What amplifies and relays the signal?

Answer 11

Messanger cyclic AMP

Question 12

Phosphorylation

Answer 12

Process that adds a phosphate group onto a protein to “activate it”.

Question 13

Ligand-to-ligand binding can cause

Answer 13

Channels to open/close