Lipid Profile Part Two

Question 1

Mechanism of atherosclerosis

Answer 1

Firstly increase in ldl particles and rod and injury of vessels attract scavenger cells which engulf did and become foam cells depositing in wall and stimulating smooth muscle proliferation so thicken walls and stimulate even more deposition of lipids and cholesterol so narrow vessels
Plaque formed can travel to other sites causing embolus

Question 2

Atherosclerosis complications

Answer 2

Myocardia infarction
Stroke and renal failure
Gangrene

Question 3

Risk factors of mi

Answer 3

Obesity
Unhealthy food
Sedentary lifestyle
Hypertension
Stress
Hypercholesterolemia
Hypertriacylglecrolemia
Smoking
Diabetes mellitus
Family history of cod

Question 4

Symptoms of myocardial infarction

Answer 4

Chest pain and discomfort
Shortness of breath and anxiety
Dizziness and fatigue
Rapid irregular pulse and sweating
Epigastric pain and nausea

Question 5

Biomarkers mi

Answer 5

Creating phosphate
Trope in
Myoglobin
Ast
Ldh

Question 6

Diagnosis of myocardial infarction

Answer 6

Ckmb rise at 3-4 hours peak at 24 hours and fall at 36 hours
Troop in I and t rise at 3-12 hours peak at 24 hours and fall at 2weeks for t and 5-10 days for i type
AST rise at 12 hours and leak at 24-48 hours and fall at 5th day
Ldh rise at 12 hours peak at 48-72 hours and fall at first week at leastt

Question 7

Ck mb

Answer 7

Less sensitive than troponin
Used for early diagnosis and reinfarction extenedning diagnosis
Measuring ratio of ckmb type 2 to 1 if more than 1.5 then excellent diagnose for infraction earlier as type 2 is more sensitive and both types are separated by electrophoresis

Question 8

Troponins i and t

Answer 8

Troponin I and t are structural components of muscles but re,leased during injury
More sensitive than ckmb
More difficult to diagnose ear,ire and extension of infraction
T rise in injury of skeletal muscle injury and renal disease so lacks specifity

Question 9

Myoglobin

Answer 9

Highly sensitive in general to all types of ,uncle s
It’s abscene
Ce rule out the disease so good negative
Less difficult to diagnose early or reinfarctions due to lack of sensitivity

Question 10

Other m i investigations

Answer 10

ECG
Stress test
Echo
Cardiac catheterization