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Clinical Chemistry 1 (Laboratory) > Lipid Profile (F) > Flashcards

Lipid Profile (F) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the tests present in lipid profile?

A

1) Total cholesterol
2) Triglycerides
3) HDL
4) LDL

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2
Q

What is the structure (or composition) of TAG?

A

Glycerol + 3 fatty acids = Triglyceride (triester of glycerol)

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3
Q

What are the abbreviations for triglycerides?

A

TAG or TG

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4
Q

95% of fats stored in the tissues come in the form of what?

A

Come in the form of TAG

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5
Q

What are the 2 sources of TAG?

A

1) Chylomicrons

2) VLDL

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6
Q

What type of TAG came from chylomicrons?

A

Exogenous TAG

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7
Q

What type of TAG came from VLDL?

A

Endogenous TAG

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8
Q

What is the result of low calorie intake?

A

Low TAG

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9
Q

What are the sx considerations for TAG?

A

1) Serum, heparin, or EDTA sx
2) Fasting
3) Chylomicrons and TAG increased postprandially
4) LDL and HDL decline transiently after eating
5) Postural changes decreases lipoprotein by 10% (lying down / recumbent)
6) Sitted for 5 mins prior to blood extraction

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10
Q

What are the sxs used for TAG (lipid profile testing)?

A

1) Serum
2) Heparin (or heparinized sxs?)
3) EDTA sx

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11
Q

How many hrs are required for fasting for TAG (lipid profile testing)?

A

12 - 14 hrs (NPO)

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12
Q

When does chylomicrons and TAG increase?

A

Increased postprandially

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13
Q

When does LDL and HDL decline?

A

They decline transiently after eating

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14
Q

What is the effect of postural changes to lipoprotein?

A

Postural changes decreases lipoprotein by 10%

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15
Q

What is the lab method or procedure used for TAG?

A

Glycerokinase method

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16
Q

What is the principle of rxn of glycerokinase method?

A

Triglycerides (via the action of lipase) -> free fatty acid + glycerol

Glycerol + ATP (via the action of glycerokinase) -> Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate + ADP

Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate (via the action of Glycerol - 3 - Phosphate Oxidase) -> Dihydroxyacetone-Phosphate + H2O2

2H2O2 + Para - Chlorophenol + 4-aminoantipyrine (via the action of peroxidase) -> Quinoneimine + 4H2O

17
Q

What is the process (or steps) of glycerokinase method?

A

1) Prepare the ff tubes and add the rgnt (blank, standard, and sample); 1000 uL of rgnt
2) Add the sx to the respective test tubes and incubate for 5 mins (Blank: 10 uL; Standard: 10 uL; Sample: 10 uL)
3) Read and record absorbance at 520 nm (spectrophotometer or semi-automated analyzer can be used depending on the procedure done)

18
Q

What are the causes of increased triglycerides?

A

1) Hyperlipoproteinemia
2) Alcoholism
3) Nephrotic syndrome
4) Hypothyroidism
5) Pancreatitis

19
Q

What are the causes of decreased trigly?

A

1) Malabsorption syndromes
2) Hyperthyroidism
3) Malnutrition

20
Q

What is the function of HDL?

A

Transport of chole from tissue to liver (reverse chole transport)

21
Q

What is the assay used for HDL?

A

Direct HDL cholesterol assay

22
Q

What is the principle employed by direct HDL chole assay?

A

It employs two-reagent format

23
Q

What is two-reagent format?

A

1st: stabilizes LDL, VLDL, and chylomicrons
2nd: contains PEG enzymes that reacts w/ HDL particles

24
Q

What is the process (or steps) of direct HDL chole assay?

A

1) Label test tubes (blank, standard, and patient)
2) Pipette 750 uL of direct HDL cholesterol reagent 1 and incubate for 5 mins
3) Add 10 uL of sx to respective tubes and mix well
4) Add 250 uL of direct HDL cholesterol reagent 2 and incubate for 5 mins
5) Measure absorbance at 700 nm

25
Q

What is the Friedwald equation (for VLDL-c and LDL-c)?

A

VLDL-c = Triglycerides / 5

LDL-c = Total cholesterol - (HDL-c + VLDL-c)

26
Q

What is the reference range of the given analyte for adults?

Given analyte: Total chole

A

140 - 200 mg/dL

27
Q

What is the reference range of the given analyte for adults?

Given analyte: HDL chole

A

40 - 75 mg/dL

28
Q

What is the reference range of the given analyte for adults?

Given analyte: LDL chole

A

50 - 130 mg/dL

29
Q

What is the reference range of the given analyte for adults?

Given analyte: Trigly

A

60 - 150 mg/dL

Clinical Chemistry 1 (Laboratory) (13 decks)

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