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Clinical Chemistry 1 (Laboratory) > Instrumentation (P) > Flashcards

Instrumentation (P) Flashcards

1
Q

What are the characteristics of Soda-lime or Float glass?

A

Consumer-grade or disposable

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2
Q

Can Soda-lime or Float glass crack under rapid heating?

A

Yes, cracks under rapid heating can occur

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3
Q

Is Soda-lime or Float glass easy to melt?

A

Yes, it is easy to melt

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4
Q

What is the characteristic of Borosilicate glass?

A

Thermally robust

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5
Q

What are the trade names of Borosilicate glass?

A

Pyrex and kimax

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6
Q

What is the strain point of Borosilicate glass?

A

550 degrees C

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7
Q

What is Fused silica or quartz?

A

Chemically-pure silicon dioxide with no impurities and a very high melting point

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8
Q

What is the melting point of Fused silica or quartz?

A

A very high melting point above 1,600 degrees C

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9
Q

What are the different types of glasswares?

A

1) Beakers
2) Erlenmeyer flasks
3) Test tubes
4) Volumetric flasks

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10
Q

What is the purpose of beakers?

A

For mixing and transferring of liquids

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of beakers?

A

1) Flat bottom

2) Wide-mouthed

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12
Q

What is the minimal percent error of beakers?

A

10%

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13
Q

What is the function of erlenmeyer flasks?

A

Good for swirling, storing, and heating liquids

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of erlenmeyer flasks?

A

1) Has a narrow neck and a flat bottom

2) Easy to cover

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15
Q

What is the minimal percent error of erlenmeyer flasks?

A

10%

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16
Q

What is the function of test tubes?

A

To collect and hold small samples

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17
Q

What are the characteristics of test tubes?

A

1) Inexpensive

2) Made up of glass or plastic

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18
Q

Can test tubes carry precise volumes?

A

No, test tubes carry imprecise volumes

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19
Q

What is the function of volumetric flasks?

A

Used to prepare solutions

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20
Q

What are the characteristics of volumetric flasks?

A

1) It has a narrow neck with markings for single precise volume
2) Not meant for heating
3) Can be stoppered or sealed

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21
Q

What is the minimal percent error of volumetric flasks?

A

0.3%

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22
Q

What is the use of pipettors?

A

Used to deliver small volumes of liquids reliably and repeatedly

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23
Q

Can pipettors withstand exposure to extreme temperatures?

A

No

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24
Q

What is the percentage of accuracy of (automatic) pipettors?

A

90-95%

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25
Q

What is the use of cuvettes or absorption cell?

A

Used in spectrophotometer

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26
Q

Are cuvettes made from glass or plastic?

A

Yes, these are made up of either glass or plastic

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27
Q

What are the different disturbances to absorbance that may occur when it comes to cuvettes or absorption cell?

A

1) Scratch
2) Spots
3) Marks

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28
Q

Do all glasswares need to be handled properly?

A

Yes, all glasswares must be handled properly

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29
Q

What should be prevented in the lab when it comes to lab equipment such as glasswares?

A

Breakage

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30
Q

Why is breakage needed to be prevented in the lab when it comes to glasswares?

A

Because it can be dangerous and may result in the loss of valuable and irreplaceable materials

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31
Q

What should be done to flasks and beakers when they are heated over a Bunsen burner?

A

These should be placed on gauze mat

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32
Q

What is the requirement for test tubes that will be heated?

A

Test tubes should be made up from heat-resistant materials

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33
Q

What should be done to containers and their corresponding stoppers?

A

These should be numbered

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34
Q

Why do containers and their corresponding stoppers should be numbered?

A

To observe direct matching when stoppers are replaced

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35
Q

Is it okay to leave pipettes lying on the tabletops?

A

No, because by doing so, it will promote bacterial and chemical contamination

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36
Q

What is chromic-sulfuric acid?

A

A common cleaning agent

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37
Q

What is the purpose of chromic-sulfuric acid?

A

To remove nearly impossible stains from glassware

38
Q

What should be done to glasswares when it comes to rinsing?

A

These should be washed out at least 4 times with tap water and then rinsed 3 times with distilled water

39
Q

What is the purpose of 1% Hydrochloric acid?

A

To wash new glasswares because they are slightly alkaline when manufactured

40
Q

What should be done to (automatic) pipettes when these are being cleaned?

A

Pipettes should be placed in a vertical position with tips up in a jar of cleaning solution

41
Q

What are (composition) plasticwares?

A

Manufactured from polymers of polyethylene, polypropylene, and Teflon

42
Q

What materials are durable and suitable to store alkaline solutions?

A

Plasticwares

43
Q

What is the meaning of LDPE?

A

Low Density Polyethylene

44
Q

What are the characteristics of LDPE?

A

1) Flexible yet unbreakable

2) Translucent to opaque

45
Q

What materials may soften or swell LDPE?

A

Various organic solvents

46
Q

What is the capacity of LDPE to concentrated acids, alcohols, bases, and esters

A

LDPE has excellent resistance to dilute and concentrated acids, alcohols, bases, and esters

47
Q

What is the temperature that can be used to LDPE for short periods of time?

A

Up to 90 degrees C

48
Q

What is the temperature that can be used to LDPE which may be maintained continuously without damage to it?

A

80 degrees C

49
Q

What is the minimum recommended temperature for LDPE?

A

50 degrees C

50
Q

Can LDPE be autoclaved?

51
Q

What is the meaning of HDPE?

A

High Density Polyethylene

52
Q

What type of plasticware has higher chemical resistance than LDPE?

53
Q

What are the characteristics of HDPE?

A

HDPE are harder, more opaque, and it can withstand higher temperatures

54
Q

What is the temperature that can be used to HDPE for short periods of time?

A

120 degrees C

55
Q

What is the temperature that can be used to HDPE for continuous periods of time?

A

110 degrees C

56
Q

Can HDPE be autoclaved?

A

No, autoclaving is not recommended for HDPE

57
Q

What type of plasticware is used in many blow molding of lab items?

58
Q

What are the examples of lab items where blow molding can be applied?

A

Bottles and large containers

59
Q

What is the meaning of PMP or TPX?

A

Polymethylpentene

60
Q

What are the characteristics of PMP?

A

1) Highly transparent
2) Resistant to impact
3) Extremely rigid

61
Q

What is the temperature that PMP can withstand for short periods of time?

A

200 degrees C

62
Q

What is the temperature that PMP can withstand for continuous periods of time?

A

180 degrees C

63
Q

Can PMP be autoclaved?

A

Yes, PMP may be autoclaved

64
Q

Where can PMP be used?

A

Useful in the manufacture of volumetric apparatus

65
Q

What are the volumetric apparatuses that can be manufactured via the use of PMP?

A

1) Flasks
2) Beakers
3) Measuring cylinders

66
Q

What is the meaning of PP?

A

Polypropylene

67
Q

What is PP?

A

A translucent plastic that exhibits excellent mechanical properties

68
Q

What is the one major advantage of PP?

A

It has higher temperature resistance

69
Q

What is the higher temperature that PP can withstand?

A

135 degrees C

70
Q

Is PP autoclavable?

71
Q

What type of plasticware has excellent chemical resistance to acids, bases, alcohols, mineral oils, and minor attack from aldehydes, esters, ketones, and aliphatic hydrocarbons?

72
Q

What type of plasticware is very suitable for items that require frequent sterilization?

73
Q

What are the equipment in the lab that require frequent sterilization?

A

1) Trays

2) Instrument jars

74
Q

What is the meaning of PC?

A

Polycarbonate

75
Q

What are the characteristics of PC?

A

Has an excellent dimensional stability with a high impact strength which is maintained over a wide temperature range

76
Q

Where is PC very suitable?

A

PC is very suitable for the manufacture of laboratory safety shields, vacuum desiccators, and centrifuge tubes

77
Q

What is the maximum continuous working temperature for autoclaving PC?

A

130 degrees C

78
Q

What is the temperature used for PC for short periods of time?

A

140 degrees C

79
Q

What is the meaning of PS?

A

Polystyrene

80
Q

What are the characteristics of PS?

A

PS is a rigid, hard, very transparent material with a good dimensional stability

81
Q

What is the maximum continuous temperature for the use of PS for short periods of time?

A

60 degrees C and 70 degrees C

82
Q

Give two examples of equipment used inside the lab that is manufactured from PS

A

1) Petri dishes

2) Pipets

83
Q

What are the different types of plasticwares used inside the lab?

A

1) LDPE
2) HDPE
3) PMP or TPX
4) PP
5) PC
6) PS

84
Q

How should the lab worker properly clean used plasticwares in the lab?

A

1) After use, soak in water

2) If contaminated, soak it overnight with 1:10 sodium hypochlorite or bleach solution

85
Q

What is the proper partition of the dilution of sodium hypochlorite?

A

One part bleach and nine parts water

86
Q

How long should diluted sodium hypochlorite be used for plasticwares?

A

Within 24 hours

87
Q

How to properly clean and rinse plasticwares in the lab?

A

Clean using warm detergent solution followed by two rinses of tap water and final rinse with distilled water

88
Q

What is the use of diluted nitric acid or 3% v/v acid alcohol?

A

Stains or precipitates

89
Q

How many are the steps for proper handwashing?

90
Q

What are the steps for proper handwashing?

A

1) Wet your hands
- > remove rings or bracelets before you begin because they can trap germs
2) Apply soap
- > take hands out of the water to add quarter-sized portion soap
3) Rub palms together
- > Create a rich lather for 5 seconds
4) Rub back of hands
- > Use your right palm to massage the back of your left hand. Switch hands after 3 seconds
5) Interlace fingers
- > Rub palms together. With fingers interlaced, clean the underside of your fingers by rubbing them along your knuckles
6) Scrub thumbs
- > Clasp right hand over the left thumb and rotate for 3 seconds. Repeat on the right thumb
7) Rub palms with fingertips
- > Rotate your right-hand fingers clockwise and then counterclockwise on the left palm. Switch hands after 3 seconds
8) Rinse
- > Wash soap away until the water runs clear and you no longer see suds. Turn the faucet off with elbow or paper towel
9) Dry
- > Use a paper towel to dry your hands - not your scrubs!

Clinical Chemistry 1 (Laboratory) (13 decks)

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