Lipid metabolism

Question 1

Lipid solubility in water?

Answer 1

insoluble

Question 2

How are non-polar lipids (e.g. cholesterol esters and triglycerides) transported round the body?

Answer 2

within lipoproteins

Question 3

what are levels of HDL and LDL like in cardiovascular disease?

Answer 3

low HDL and high LDL

Question 4

4 main lipoproteins?

Answer 4

HDL, LDL, VLDL and chylomicrons

Question 5

which lipoproteins contain apoA1 and apoA2?

Answer 5

HDL

Question 6

which lipoproteins contain apoB100?

Answer 6

LDL and VLDL

Question 7

chylomiscrons contain apoB__?

Answer 7

48

Question 8

where do apoB containing lipoproteins deliver triglycerides to?

Answer 8

muscle and adipocytes for storage

Question 9

where are chylomicrons made?

Answer 9

intestines

Question 10

what do chylomicrons do?

Answer 10

transport dietary triglycerides

Question 11

VLDL particles assembled where ?

Answer 11

liver

Question 12

what are VLDL formed from?

Answer 12

free fatty acids derived from adipose tissue and de novo synthesis

Question 13

what is LPL?

Answer 13

lipoprotein lipase, lipolytic enzyme associated with the endothelium of capillaries in adipose and muscle tissue

Question 14

where is LDL cleared?

Answer 14

liver

Question 15

why is LDL bad ?

Answer 15

taken from blood into intima of artery then oxidised into OXLDL. OXLDL converts macrophages into cholesterol laden foam cells that form a fatty streak. Get a formation of an atheromatous plaque consisting of a lipid core and a fibrous cap

Question 16

why is HDL good?

Answer 16

HDL has a key role in removing excess cholesterol from cells by transporting it in plasma to the liver. Only the liver has the capacity to eliminate cholesterol from the body (as cholesterol secreted into bile, or used to synthesize bile salts)

Question 17

where is HDL formed mainly?

Answer 17

in the liver

Question 18

what kind of drug is a statin?

Answer 18

hmg coa reductase inhibitor

Question 19

other beneficial effects of statins?

Answer 19

decreased inflammation, reversal of endothelial dysfunction,decreased thrombosis, stabilisation of atherosclerotic plaques

Question 20

first line drug for patients with very high triglyceride levels?

Answer 20

fibrates