heart failure

Question 1

what is heart failure

Answer 1

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome defined by a failure of the heart to maintain adequate cardiac output as a result of structural of functional impairment of ventricular filling or ejection

Question 2

how does heart failure usually develop?

Answer 2

slowly

Question 3

acute failure can be due to?

Answer 3

MI
arrythmia
penumonia
unconotrolled hypertension

Question 4

what is paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea

Answer 4

coughing and breathlessness at night

Question 5

what pathological heart sound can you get in heart failure ?

Answer 5

s3

Question 6

what other heart sound pathology/

Answer 6

displaced apex

bibasal crepitations

Question 7

causes of right sided heart failure?

Answer 7

secondary to left sided failure

Question 8

symptoms of right sided heart failure ?

Answer 8

peripheral oedema
ascites
facial engorgement

Question 9

what is HF REF

Answer 9

heart failure with reduced ejection fraction

Question 10

what is HF PEF

Answer 10

heart failure with preserved ejection fraction

Question 11

there are classes of symptom severity. what do these go from?

Answer 11

1-4
1= no limitation
4 = fatigue, sob or palpitations present at rest and all activity

Question 12

what would be raised in heart failure ?

Answer 12

BNP

Question 13

what should be carried out if BNP or ECG abnormal ?

Answer 13

echo

Question 14

what might you see on a chest x ray ?

Answer 14

cardiomegaly 
pleural effusion 
kerley b lines 
alveolar oedema 
fluid present within lung fissures

Question 15

when would x ray be normal

Answer 15

in right sided heart failure