Blood Pressure

Question 1

Which cells release renin?

Answer 1

Granular cells in the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Question 2

which cells monitor Na levels in tubular fluid?

Answer 2

macula densa

Question 3

which 3 things stimulate renin release ?

Answer 3

renal artery hypotension (systemic hypotension)
stimulation of renal sympathetic nerves
Decreased Na in renal tubular fluid sensed by macula dense cells

Question 4

Two types of Natriuretic peptides?

Answer 4

ANP and BNP

Question 5

Where are the 2 peptides produced?

Answer 5

ANP in the atria, BNP in the ventricles

Question 6

What system do the natriuretic peptides counteract?

Answer 6

RAAS

Question 7

When are NPs released and what do they do?

Answer 7

released in response to cardiac distension and cause excretion of salt and water in the kidneys. Also act as vasodilators, reducing blood pressure.

Question 8

Serum ___ can be measured in patients with suspected heart failure?

Answer 8

BNP

Question 9

ADH is also known as?

Answer 9

vasopressin

Question 10

ADH produced in ?

Answer 10

hypothalamus

Question 11

here is ADH stored?

Answer 11

posterior putuitary (pp)

Question 12

secretion of ADH is stimulated by?

Answer 12

Reduced extracellular fluid volume (INCREASED PLASMA OSMOLALITY)

Question 13

extracellular fluid volume is sum of 2 components - what are they?

Answer 13

Intracellular fluid and plasma. Cells bathe in solution

Question 14

Where is ACE enzyme found mainly?

Answer 14

pulmonary vasccular endothelium

Question 15

what does renin do?

Answer 15

stimulates formation of angiotensin I from angiotensinogen

Question 16

where is angiotensinogen produced

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

where is aldosterone released?

Answer 17

adrenal cortex

Question 18

where does it act?

Answer 18

on kidney

Question 19

what is the effect of aldosterone?

Answer 19

it causes water and sodium retention

Question 20

what do NPs do simply?

Answer 20

cause vasodilation and cause sodium and water excretion