Lipid Metabolism Flashcards
Can fatty acids be converted to glucose?
No, however both metabolisms meet at acetyl CoA
What are Lipoproteins?
made up of fats inside and proteins outside; transports fats to various parts of the body through the blood.
4 main types of lipoproteins (in order of least to most dense)
Chylomicrons - biggest
VLDL (very low-density) - medium
LDL (low-density) - smaller
HDL (high-density) - smallest and fastest
Structure of lipoproteins
contain thousands of lipid molecules (like fats) and a few apoprotein molecules (proteins)
What happens within these particles?
- hydrophobic lipids (fear water) are inside
- amphipathic lipids (both water-friendly and water-fearing) form protective layer on outside of particle
How does lipoprotein density differ?
the amount of lipids (lighter) vs apoproteins (heavier) they contain
Chylomicrons
Carry dietary fats (triacylglycerols) to extrahepatic tissues
VLDL
deliver hepatic triacylglycerols to extrahepatic tissues
LDL
transport of cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues
HDL
collects cholesterol & cholesterol esters from dead cells and membranes, transports them to the liver, chylomicrons, and VLDL
Reverse Cholesterol Transport (two ways HDL recycles cholesterol esters)
- delivery to the liver by endocytosis
- transfer to chylomicrons and VLDL
A leading cause of cardiovascular disease
atherosclerosis: condition where arteries become narrowed and hardened due to build up of fatty substances.
Acute effects
the immediate effects of a single exercise session on plasma triacylglycerol levels
A significant change of plasma triacylglycerols is not immediately detectable after exercise, but rather takes around __________.
12 to 18 hours
Chronic effects
long term effects of regular exercise
