Ch. 5 Carbs and Lipids

Question 1

What are carbohydrates?

Answer 1

compounds that contain at least two hydroxyl groups

Question 2

What are the 5 functions of carbs?

Answer 2

Energy source, external protection, cell recognition, nucleic acids, glycoproteins and glycolipids

Question 3

What are the 3 types of carbohydrates?

Answer 3

Monosaccharides, oligosaccharides, polysaccharides

Question 4

What are monosaccharides? Give 3 examples

Answer 4

the simplest form of carbs, glucose, fructose, galactose

Question 5

What are characteristics of oligosaccharides?

Answer 5

intermediate in size, composed of a few monosaccharide units, found in various biological processes

Question 6

What are polysaccharides?

Answer 6

complex carbohydrates, consist of long chains of monosaccharide units, serve as energy storage or structural components

Question 7

How many carbon atoms are usually in monosaccharides?

Answer 7

3 to 7

Question 8

What are trioses?

Answer 8

monosaccharides with 3 carbons

Question 9

What are the smallest monosaccharides? How do they differ?

Answer 9

Glyceraldehyde & dihydroxyacetone; they share the same formula, but differ in carbonyl group position

Question 10

What are aldehydes?

Answer 10

organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group at the end

Question 11

What are ketones?

Answer 11

organic compounds that contain a carbonyl group in the middle

Question 12

What are pentoses?

Answer 12

monosaccharides with 5 carbons

Question 13

What is the best known pentose? What are some characteristics of them?

Answer 13

ribose; can be open-chain or cyclic (furanose)

Question 14

What are hexoses?

Answer 14

monosaccharides with 6 carbons