Ch. 2 Metabolism

Question 1

It encompasses the sum of chemical reactions in living organisms.

Answer 1

Metabolism

Question 2

Compounds participating in metabolic reactions (active players).

Answer 2

Metabolites

Question 3

A sequence of reactions where the product of one becomes the reactant of the next.

Answer 3

Metabolic pathway

Question 4

Represents the difference between values at final and initial states.

Answer 4

Delta ∆

Question 5

Energy transferred during a reaction. (The formation of molecules)

Answer 5

Enthalpy Change (∆H)

Question 6

Change measures the disorder or randomness in a system. (MORE FAVORABLE)

Answer 6

Entropy Change (∆S)

Question 7

∆G combines ∆H and ∆S: ∆G=∆H-T∆S

Answer 7

Free-Energy Change

Question 8

T measures _______ (measured in degrees Kelvin)

Answer 8

Absolute Temperature

Question 9

The decrease in enthalpy combined with the increase in entropy/ Breaking down molecules to release energy. (MOST FAVORABLE)

Answer 9

Exergonic Reactions (∆G<0)

Question 10

The increase in enthalpy combined with the decrease in entropy/Building up molecules using energy.

Answer 10

Endergonic Reactions (∆G>0)

Question 11

Free energy of products equals that of reactants.(DYNAMIC)

Answer 11

Equilibrium Reactions (∆G=0)

Question 12

∆G + RT In([B]/[A])

Answer 12

Equation for ∆G

Question 13

Energy change that occurs when all the substances involved are at a concentration of 1 mol x L^-1.

Answer 13

∆G (Delta G naught) Standard free-energy change

Question 14

Plays a role in converting temperature into energy units.

Answer 14

R (Gas Constant)

Question 15

In

Answer 15

Natural Logarithm

Question 16

Ratio of molar concentrations.

Answer 16

[products B]/[reactants A]

Question 17

One _____ is the energy needed to raise the temperature of a kilogram of water by one degree celsius.

Answer 17

Kilocalorie (kcal)

Question 18

Energy currency of the cell.

Answer 18

Adenosine Triphosphate - ATP

Question 19

Involves breaking down molecules or compounds into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules (AB -> A+B exergonic nature)

Answer 19

Decomposition Reaction

Question 20

Two or more components come together to create a larger molecule (A+B -> AB endergonic nature)

Answer 20

Synthesis Reaction

Question 21

ATP’s high energy content resides in ____.

Answer 21

Phosphoanhydride linkages (high energy bonds)

Question 22

Involves the breakdown of biomolecules into smaller units (oxidation of metabolites).

Answer 22

Catabolism

Question 23

Two purposes of catabolism.

Answer 23

1. Provides raw material for anabolism
2. Releasing energy (fuels ATP synthesis)

Question 24

____ means building larger molecules is essential for bodily functions (reduction of metabolites).

Answer 24

Anabolism

Question 25

ATP is broken down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi), a significant amount of energy is released.

Answer 25

ATP Hydrolysis

Question 26

Energy is provided from breaking the bonds contained in compounds such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.

Answer 26

ATP Resynthesis

Question 27

When a substance loses electrons.

Answer 27

Oxidation

Question 28

When a substance gains electrons.

Answer 28

Reduction

Question 29

OIL RIG

Answer 29

Oxidation Is Loss, Reduction Is Gain

Question 30

Oxidizing agents _______. What are the 2 oxidants?

Answer 30

Gain hydrogens, NAD+, FAD+

Question 31

Reducing agents ______. What are the 2 reductants?

Answer 31

Donate hydrogens, NADH, FADH

Question 32

Large molecules broken down into smaller components.

Answer 32

Stage 1 of Catabolism

Question 33

Conversion of smaller molecules to acetyl coenzyme A.

Answer 33

Stage 2 of Catabolism

Question 34

Oxidation of acetyl group to carbon dioxide & ATP synthesis.

Answer 34

Stage 3 of Catabolism

Question 35

Give 2 examples of why Catabolism is important for exercise.

Answer 35

1. Muscle activity demands ATP
2. ATP synthesis occurs through catabolic pathways.

Question 36

Energy yielding nutrients

Answer 36

Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins

Question 37

How many adenosine molecules are there?

Answer 37

3