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Immune > Lipid Mediators > Flashcards

Lipid Mediators Flashcards

1
Q

Can Plasma clot

A

Yes, it is the stuff left after you remove the blood cells

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2
Q

Can serum clot

A

NO, you’re removing the blood cells and clotting factors

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3
Q

Chronic inflamation leads to …. and ….

A

chronic inflammation leads to FIBROSIS and SCARRING

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4
Q

Fibrosis….

A

loss of function

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5
Q

Symptoms of Chronic inflammation

A

1) angiogenesis
2) Mononuclear Cell Infilitrate
3) Fibrosis (SCAR)

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6
Q

…. vascular changes, neutrophil recruitment, mediators

A

Acute inflammation

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7
Q

Infarction is …..

A

Acute Inflammation

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8
Q

Replacement of injured cells…

A

Resolution

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9
Q

Pus formation or abcess…

A

from ACUTE inflmmation

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10
Q

Acute inflammation….

A

1) vascular changes
2) neutrophil recruitment
3) mediators

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11
Q

….Angiognenesis, Mononucelar cell infilitrate, Fibrosis (SCAR)

A

Chronic Inflammation

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12
Q

Chemical Mediators have two sources

A

Cellular and Plasma

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13
Q

….have potential to cause damage to self

A

Chemical Mediators

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14
Q

Plasma can lead to ….activation and ….activation

A

Complement Activation

Factor XII (HAGEMAN factor) activation

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15
Q

Autacoids…

A

quickly made and degraded and act locally, respond to specific stimuli

Lipid Mediators

&
Eicosanoids

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16
Q

Liver is a major source of…

A

Plasma

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17
Q

Cellular and Plasma are two sources of ….

A

chemical mediators

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18
Q

Eicosanoids….

A

chemically diverse family of A.A derivatives

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19
Q

other than Eicosanoids, ….are a another type of Autacoids

A

Lipid Mediator

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20
Q

Prednisone inhibits …. of the Lipid Mediator Pathway

A

Phopholipases

PLA2

PLC

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21
Q

T/F Prednisolone raises blood sugar of patient and should be careful in diabetics and prediabetics

A

True

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22
Q

….inhibitors prevent cleavage of A.A from linoelic acid from cell membrane

A

Steroid inhibitors

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23
Q

Zafirlukast and Montelukast are both ….

A

selective & COMPETITIVE (higher Km, Vmax Same) leukotriene receptor ANTAGONIST for LTD4 and LTE4

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24
Q

Aspirin/Celebrex…

A

are Cycloxygenase inhibitors (COX)

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25
Q

A.A cannot be converted to 5’ HPETE what inhibitor is causing this…

A

Zileuton, an inhibitor of 5LOX which converts A.A into 5HPETE/LTA4/5PETE

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26
Q

….derivatives of A.A

A

Eicosanoids which are also considered a type of Autacoids

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27
Q

You want to inhibit linoelic acid’s conversion to A.A which inhibitor do you use…

A

Steroids block the cleavage of A.A from cell membrane by blocking PLC and PLA2

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28
Q

…. is a 5’ LOX inhibitor

A

Zileuton

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29
Q

(Autoacoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator) is the umbrella term for (Autacoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator) and (Autocaoids/Eicosanoids/Lipid Mediator)

A

Autacoids are umbrella term for Eicosanoids (A.A derivatives) and Lipid Meadiators

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30
Q

You can’t covert A.A into PGG2 what’s happening?

A

There’s a COX inhibitor preventing COX from convertint A.A into PGG2

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31
Q

A.A. is a 20 carbon polyUNSATURATED Fatty acid derived from two sources..

A

1) Dietary Sources

2) conversion from essential fatty acid Linoleic Acid

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32
Q

A.A does not…..

A

occur free in cells, exists as esterified in plasma membrane

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33
Q

….liberates A.A from plasma membrane

A

PLA2

primarily PLA2, sometime PLC

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34
Q

PLA2 has FOUR categories….

A

1) Structure and SIze
2) Clacium requirement
3) Substrate Specificity
4) Tissue Distribution

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35
Q

PLA2 examples of different types

A

1) Secretory requires sPLA2 Calcium
2) Cytopalsmic cPLA2 require calcium
3) iPLA2 no Calcium
4) PAF acetyl hydrolases

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36
Q

A.A can go two pathways….

A

LOX pathway

or

COX pathway

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37
Q

LOX are present in …

A

only a few cell types

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38
Q

The primary LOX enzyme in neutrophils are ….

A

5LOX

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39
Q

main product of neutrophils are…

A

5HETE

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40
Q

*….are cysteinyl LTs and a 1000x more POTENT in inducing bronchospasm than HISTAMINE

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

41
Q

….converts LTA4 into LTC4

A

LTC4 Synthase

42
Q

….converts LTA4 into LTB4

A

LTA4 Hydrolase

43
Q

…..are powerful chemotatic agent, recurits leukocyte in inflammation

A

LTB4 or 5HETE

44
Q

There are 2 ways to get LTB4…

A

Conversion of 5HETE into LTB4

or

conversion of LTA4 into LTB4 via LTA4 hydrolase

45
Q

….converts LTC4 into LTD4

A

gamma-glutamyl transferase

46
Q

….converts LTD4 into LTE4

A

dipeptidase

47
Q

*LTC4, LTD4, LTE4…

A

1) vasoCONSTRICTION
2) Bronchospasm
3) Increased permeability

Cysteinyl LTs

1000x more potent than histamine in inducing BRONCHOSPASM

48
Q

Diseases associated with leukotrienes…

A

1) Astham
2) Inflammatory Bowel Disease
3) Glomerulonephritis

49
Q

Prostaglandins and Leukotrienes have restricted tissue distribution T/F

A

True

50
Q

….are secreted by Leukocytes and can vasoconstrict

A

LTC4

51
Q

…are produced by platelets and causes vasoconstrictions

A

TXA2

52
Q

….produced by endothelieum and vasodilates

A

PGI2

53
Q

…..produced by smooth muscle

one is vasoconstrictive

one is vasodilative

A

PGE2 vasodilative

PGF2alpha Vasoconstrictive

54
Q

LTC4 are produced by….

A

Leukocytes and are Vasocnstrictive

55
Q

TXA2 are produced by…

A

Platelets and are Vasoconstrictive

56
Q

PGI2 are produced by..

A

endothelium and are vasodilative

57
Q

PGF2 alpha are produced by…

A

Smooth muscle and vasoconstrictive

58
Q

PGE2 are produced by…

A

smooth msucle and DILATIVE

59
Q

Leukotriene Biosynthesis is ….

A

Transcellular, NEUTROPHILS and PLATELETS

60
Q

….. and …. are from same pathway but have opposing actions

A

LTs and LX

61
Q

AA is converted to LTA4 in….

A

Neutrophils

62
Q

LTB4 is converted from …. in the ….

A

LTB4 is converted from LTA4 in NEUTROPHIL

63
Q

….enzyme is found in Neutrophils that catalyze AA converseion LTA4 then to LTB4

A

5LOX

64
Q

Main product via 5LOX in NEUTROPHILS are….

A

5HETE

65
Q

LTA4 found in Platelets are derived from….

A

Neutrophils

66
Q

LTA4 can be converted either to ….. or ….. in Platelets

A

LTC4 via LTC4 synthase

or

LX via 12LOX

67
Q

LXA4 and LXB4 are lipoxins what are their effects

A

1) Vasodilation
2) INHIBIT NEUTROPHIL chemotaxis/adhesion
3) Stimulate monocyte ADHESION
4) INHIBIT Leukocyte recruitment

68
Q

block cell to cell adhension of Neutrophils and Platelets blocks…

A

lipoxin production

69
Q

…..inhibits Leukocyte recruitment, inhibit neutrophil chemotaxis/adhesion, maybe negative regulators of leukotriene synthesis

A

LIPOXINS

70
Q

….bronchospasm, vasodilation, increase vascular permeability

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTE4

71
Q

COX-1…. expressed

A

COX-1 CONSTITUTIVELY EXPRESSED

72
Q

COX-2….. expressed

A

INDUCIBLY

73
Q

COX catalyzes two sequetial enzymatic rxns…

A

from AA to PGG2

from PGG2 to PGH2

74
Q

….also known as prostaglandin H synthase

A

COX

75
Q

…..Thromboxane A2 immediate precursor

A

PGH2

76
Q

PGi2 is vaso… and ….. paletlet aggregation

A

PGI2 is vasoDILATIVE and INHIBIT platelet aggregation

77
Q

TXA2 is vaso….

A

VASOCONSTRICTIVE

78
Q

….pain mediation, fever induction

A

PGE2

79
Q

Both ….. and…. are anti-inflammatory, attenuates immune cell migration, and promotes the apoptosis and clearance of leukocytes

A

LX and cyPGs

80
Q

…..effects are vasoconstriction, promotes platelet aggregation

A

TXA2

81
Q

Prostaglandins have both …. and…. functions just like cytokines

A

prostglandins have both PARACRINE and AUTOCRINE functions just like cytokines

82
Q

…..is PGG2’s precursor

A

AA

83
Q

Effects of prostglandins CAN DIFFER depending on what GPCR receptors is expressed on tissue T/F

A

True

84
Q

like chemokines, “THEY” produce their effects by acting through distinct….. receptors

A

PGE2, PGF2, PGD2, PGI2, TXA2 act through GPCRs just like chemokines

85
Q

….blocks AA conversion by cox to PGG2 or PGH2

A

NSAIDS/CELEBREX/ASPIRIN

86
Q

….effects are vasodilation, and potentiates edema

A

PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha

87
Q

Aspirin supresses ….. 10-100x more than …..

A

Aspirin supresses COX-1 ten to hundred times MORE than COX-2

88
Q

…..is PGH2’s precursor

A

PGG2

89
Q

….PGD2, PGE2, PGF2alpha immediate precurosor

A

PGH2

90
Q

Coxibs….

A

selective COX-2 inhibitors

91
Q

…..is the polar opposite of TXA2 which is vasoconstrictive and promotes platelet aggregation

A

PGI2 prostacyclins

  • inhibits platelet aggregation
  • vasodilative
92
Q

Prostaglandins are synthesized in a ……..

A

cell-type specific manner

93
Q

…..chemotaxis, Leukocyte Adhesion

A

LTB4, 5HETE

94
Q

…..effects are vasodilative, inhibits platelet aggregation

A

PGI2 Prostacyclin

95
Q

…..increase vascular permeability, bronchospasm 1k more than histamine, cysteinyl, vasoCONSTRICTIVE

A

LTC4, LTD4, LTCE4

96
Q

…..Prostacyclin PGI2 immediate precursor

A

PGH2

97
Q

PGE2…

A

PAIN mediation and FEVER induction

98
Q

5HETE and LTB4, 5HETE is main product of 5LOX of neutrophil

A

Chemotaxis, Leukocyte Adhesion

99
Q

PGE2, PGF2, PGD2

A

vasodilative, POTENTIATES edema

Immune (6 decks)

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