chemokines (GPCR) and cytokines (Jak/Stat) Flashcards
List the kinetics of the inflammatory response to microbial infection
1) Exudation
2) Neutrophils
3) Apoptosis
4) Mono Nuclear Cells (macrophages, DC)
List the secretions that acccompany the Kinetics of the inflammatory response to microbial infection
1) at 30 minutes
- Histamine
- Serotonin
- Bradykinin
- Complement
2) 1hr-3hr-6hr
PGs
LTs
3) 24HR
TNF
IL-1Beta
LX
4) 24 hr- 48hr
MCP1 or CCL2
IL6
5) 48hr cyPGs BAX p53 TGF-Beta1 TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA-1
Platelets secrete WHAT molecule that the intestines also secrete.
SEROTONIN
T/F Platelets express MHCI despite not have a nucleus.
True
T/F RBC do NOT express MHCI because it doesn’t have a nucleus
True
Anti-inflammatory mediators examples?
Lipoxins (LXs)
CyPGs (cyclopentenone PG)
Lipoxins and CyPGs are WHAT mediators and attenuate WHAT and Promote WHAT from the inflammatory site
CyPGs and LX are ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, that ATTENUTATE CELL MIGRATION and promote APOPTOSIS and CLEARANCE of LEUKOCYTES from inflammatory sites
Which is the umbrella term? Cytokines or Chemokines
Cytokines are more general
Chemokines are CHEMOattractant CYTOKINEs
Chemokines are a type of cytokines
Chemokines are a type of cytokines T/F
True
CCL21 are highly expressed in lymph nodes at attract what receptors?
CCR7 Receptors found on APC and naive T cells
During healthy homeostasis, CCL21 attracts and retain what cells in the Lymph NOde
NAIVE T cells in the LYMPH NODE (due to theri CCR7)
During INNATE immune response, CCL2 (MCP-1) attracts WHAT and WHAT to sites of injury and infection?
MONOCYTES and MACROPHAGES
CCL2 (MCP-1) is different from CCL21 by?
CCL2 attracts MONOcytes and MACROphages to sites of INJURY and INFECTION
CCL21 is expressed in LYMPH NODES and attract APC cells and NAIVE T cells
CCL2 is also known as
MCP-1
MCP-1 is also known as
CCL2
What chemokine attracts Monocyte and Macrophages to site of injury and infection?
CCL2 or MCP-1
What chemokine attracts APC to Lymph Nodes via their CCR7?
CCL21
During homeostasis at the LYMPH NODE, WHAT chemokine is expressed to retain WHAT kind of cells
CCL21 is expressed at LN to RETAIN NAIVE T Cell
Understand the since CHEMOkines interact with GPCR the same chemokine can produce (same/different) effect on cells with different GPCRs.
DIFFERENT
the same chemokine can bind to Gs at one cell and a Gi at a different cell, SAME chemokine different effect at different receptors
T/F Chemokines are SMALL 8-10kd, SOLUBLE and thus can DIFFUSE AWAY from site of secretion.
True
Chemokines also efficently bind to…?
Extracellular Matrix
What is the benefit of Chemokines efficently binding to the ECM?
it can TETHER cells that expressing CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS to the ECM presenting CHemokine
For Chemokines and Cytokines, which has Jak/Stat and which has GPCR
Chemokines/PG - GPCR
Cytokines - JAK/STAT
Describe the cysteine residues of Alpha chemokines
Alpha Chemokines or CXC chemokines have an a.a between the FIRST and THIRD conserved CYTSTEIN RESIDUES
Alpha Chemokines are also known as
CXC chemokines
Nomenclature CXCL8
CXC chemokines are also known as
Alpha Chemokines
CXC chemokines or Alpha Chemokines are targeted more to WHAT cells than to other immune cells.
CXC chemokines or Alpha chemokines are targeted more to NEUTROPHILS than to other immune cells
Nomenclature CXCL8
Beta Chemokines are also known as
CC chemokines
nomeclature CCL4
CC chemokines are also known as
Beta Chemokines
Nomenclature CCL4
Describe the cytstein residues of Beta Chemokines
The first two conserved CYSTEINE residues are adjacent with no a.a. in b/w
CC chemokines or Beta Chemokines tend to NOT be a WHAT for WHAT CELL: NAME OF MOLECULE that specifically recruits WHAT IMMUNE CELL
CC chemokines tend NOTbe a CHEMOATTRACTANT to NEUTROPHILS:
EOTAXIN recruits EOSINOPHILS
What chemokine targets Neutrophils more than other immune cell
Alpha or CXC chemokine
nomeclature CXCL8
C chemokines aka
Gamma Chemokine
Gamma Chemokine
aka C chemokine
Describe the cystein residues of Gamma Chemokines
C chemokine or gama chemokine LACK the FIRST and THIRD cysteines.
CHEMOATTRACTANT for SPECIFIC LYMPHOCYTES subsets
NOMENCLATURE XCL1
CXXXC Chemokines only member is
CX3CL1 and cleaved FROM THE CELL SURFACE
A chemokine that is attracted to specific LYMPHOCYTE subsets.
Gamma Chemokine, C chemokine, XCL1
What type of chemokine is CXCL10
Alpha Chemokine, CXC chemokine, has an a,a b/w FIRST and THIRD CYSTEINE Residues
What type of chemokine: EOTAXIN specifically recruits EOSINOPHILS
Beta Chemokine, CC chemokine
has adjacent first and 2nd cystein residues
What type of chemokine is cleaved from the cell surface
CXXC chemokine, CX3CL1
What type of chemokine is not a chemoattractant for NEUTROPHILS?
Beta chemokine or CC chemokine
What type of chemokine is XCL1?
Gamma or C chemokine that lacks the first and 3rd cystein residue
What type of chemokine is CCL5?
Beta chemokine, CC chemokine with adjacent first and second cysteine residue
PAMPS and DAMPS induce the expression of specific WHAT that in turn recruit specific immune cells to injury/infection site and also RECRUITS CYTOKINES?
CHEMOKINE
CHEMOKINES RECRUIT SPECIFIC IMMUNE CELLS & CYTOKINES
T/F can chemokines RECRUIT CYTOKINES?
Yes
Chemokines in response to PAMP/DAMP recruit specific immune cells and cytokines to site of infection/injury
CCL2 is expressed to the site of WHAT and presented on WHAT recruits what CELL that has CCLR2?
CCL2 is tethered to the surface of DAMAGED ENDOTHELIA and presented on ECM
monocyte with the CCL2R is recruited there
The (monocyte/ECM) has the CCR2 receptor and the (monocyte/ECM) has the CCL2?
The MONOCYTE has the CCR2 RECEPTOR and the ECM has CCL2.
macrophage full of phagocytosed debri
FOAM CELL
ADAPTIVE immune response is coordinated by regulating both the WHAT and the WHAT?
Regulating both THE EXPRESSION of the CHEMOKINE and the EXPRESSION of the CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR
ADAPTIVE IMMUNITy