Linking ideas 1 (reason, result, examples) Flashcards

1
Q

Choose because of or because/since:

I often feel tired _ my workload.

I often feel tired _ I work long hours every day.

A

I often feel tired because of my workload.

I often feel tired because/since I work long hours every day.

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2
Q

Choose because of or because/since:

We were planning to go for a walk last weeked, but we didn’t go _ the rain.

… but we didn’t go _ it was raining.

A

We were planning to go for a walk last weeked, but we didn’t go because of the rain.

… but we didn’t go because/since it was raining.

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3
Q

Choose because of or because/since:

We often visit the countryside _ our grandparents live there.

We often visit the countryside _ our grandparents.

A

We often visit the countryside because/since our grandparents live there.

We often visit the countryside because of our grandparents.

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4
Q

Choose because of or because/since:

I skipped the gym _ I wasn’t feeling well.

I skipped the gym _ a headache.

A

I skipped the gym because/since I wasn’t feeling well.

I skipped the gym because of a headache.

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5
Q

REFORMULATE with and as a result

I missed my early meeting because I overslept this morning.

A

I missed my early meeting because/since I overslept this morning.

I overslept this morning, and as a result, I missed my early meeting.”

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6
Q

REFORMULATE with because

Our family gathering was postponed due to my brother’s work schedule.

postponed = перенесено

A

Our family gathering was postponed BECAUSE OF my brother’s work schedule // BECAUSE my brother had to work that day.

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7
Q

Fill in the gaps with an appropriate linker.

“I’ll have to cut back on (= экономить, меньше заниматься) shopping, _ high expenses (высокие траты) this month.”

A

“I’ll have to cut back on shopping, due to / because of high expenses this month.”

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8
Q

Fill in the gap with due to / because.

My savings have increased _ careful budgeting.

Glossary: budgeting /ˈbʌdʒɪtɪŋ/ = ведение бюджета

A

My savings have increased due to careful budgeting.

Glossary: budgeting /ˈbʌdʒɪtɪŋ/ = ведение бюджета

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9
Q

Choose the appropriate linker.

I started tracking my expenses last month, and due to / and as a result, I’ve been able to save more money.

Glossary: tracking my expenses /ɪkˈspensɪz/ = вести учёт расходов

A

I started tracking my expenses last month, and and as a result, I’ve been able to save more money.

Glossary: tracking my expenses /ɪkˈspensɪz/ = вести учёт расходов

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10
Q

Fill in the gap with an appropriate linker.

I heard Europe is lovely in the spring, _ we’re planning to visit Paris in April.

A

I heard Europe is lovely in the spring, so we’re planning to visit Paris in April.

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11
Q

Fill in the gap with an appropriate linker.

The film won several awards, _ I’m curious to see it.

A

The film won several awards, so I’m curious to see it.

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12
Q

Fill in the gap with an appropriate linker.

“We bought reusable bags, _, we’ve reduced our plastic usage.”

A

“We bought reusable bags, and as a result, we’ve reduced our plastic usage.”

“We bought reusable bags, so, we’ve reduced our plastic usage.”

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13
Q

Choose the appropriate linker, since or due to?

I’ve been trying to save more money lately, _ I want to buy a new car next year.

A

I’ve been trying to save more money lately, since I want to buy a new car next year.

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14
Q

Fill in the gap with an appropriate linker.

My son is starting college next month, _ we’ve been busy preparing.

A

My son is starting college next month, so we’ve been busy preparing.

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15
Q

REFORMULATE with because of.

My daughter had a school event last Friday, and as a result, I had to leave work early.

A

My daughter had a school event last Friday, and as a result, I had to leave work early.
=>
I had to leave work early last Friday because of an event in my daughter’s school.

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16
Q

REFORMULATE with since.

It’s more environmentally friendly than driving //
she often takes the train to work.

A

She often takes the train to work, since it’s more environmentally friendly than driving.

17
Q

Reformulate with since.

I tend to avoid caffeine in the evening //
It keeps me awake at night.

A

I tend to avoid caffeine in the evening, since it keeps me awake at night.

18
Q

Finish the sentence (in any way that makes sense):

I always bring an umbrella with me, since

A

Sample ending:

I always bring an umbrella with me, since the weather can be very unpredictable.

19
Q

Reformulate with an appropriate linker:

We got a significant discount because we booked our trip early this year. (= заказали заранее)

We booked a trip early this year, …

A

We got a significant discount because we booked our trip early this year. (= заказали заранее)

We booked a trip early this year, and as a result / so, we got a significant discount.

20
Q

B: So, why did you become a florist?

R: That’s a good question. I’ve always loved flowers, ever since I was a little girl, _ it seemed a natural thing for me to do.

(Complete the sentence with an appropriate linker)

A

B: So, why did you become a florist?

R: That’s a good question. I’ve always loved flowers, ever since I was a little girl, so it seemed a natural thing for me to do.

21
Q

R: You sound like you don’t enjoy your job.
B: No, not at the moment. Not for a while, actually.
R: Really? What’s wrong with it?
B: Oh, lots of things. _ i_, all I seem to do is deal with other people’s problems.

(Complete the sentence with an appropriate linker giving an example)

A

R: You sound like you don’t enjoy your job.
B: No, not at the moment. Not for a while, actually.
R: Really? What’s wrong with it?
B: Oh, lots of things. For instance, all I seem to do is deal with other people’s problems.

22
Q

R: What’s wrong with it [your work]?
B: Oh, lots of things. For instance, all I seem to do is deal with other people’s problems, l_ issues with their pay or holidays.

(Complete the sentence with an appropriate linker giving an example)

A

R: What’s wrong with it [your work]?
B: Oh, lots of things. For instance, all I seem to do is deal with other people’s problems, like issues with their pay or holidays.

23
Q

B: I wish I had a job where I could travel the world, spread my wings, be free!
R: S_ _?
B: I don’t know, that’s the problem.

(Complete the sentence with an appropriate linker giving an example)

A

B: I wish I had a job where I could travel the world, spread my wings, be free!
R: Such as?
B: I don’t know, that’s the problem.

24
Q

Fill in the gaps with appropriate linkers.

Wearable tech, s_ _ the smartwatch, is the future.

(Wearable tech = gadgets that you can wear)

A

Wearable tech, such as the smartwatch, is the future

or: like the smartwatch

25
Q

A: Aren’t you forgetting something?
B: _ _? (= например?)

A

A: Aren’t you forgetting something?
B: Such as?

26
Q

Fill in the gaps with appropriate linkers.

I enjoy outdoor activities l_ hiking, biking, and camping.

or: activities s_ _ hiking..

A

I enjoy outdoor activities like hiking, biking, and camping.

or: activities such as hiking

27
Q

Choose because of or because/since:

B: The shop looks great!
R: Oh, that’s _ Tina. She spent the morning cleaning up!

A

B: The shop looks great!
R: Oh, that’s because of Tina. She spent the morning cleaning up!

28
Q

Complete the sentence with an appropriate linker.

I want to go abroad, _ i_, to Italy and Spain.

A

I want to go abroad, for instance, to Italy and Spain.

29
Q

Choose because/since or due to:

He became obese (= very fat) _ his ultra-calorific diet and lack of exercise.

A

He became obese (very fat) due to his ultra-calorific diet and lack of exercise.

/əʊˈbiːs/

30
Q

Choose because/since or due to:

_ to unforeseen (= непредвиденные) circumstances, we will not meet today.

A

Due to to unforeseen circumstances, we will not meet today.

/ˈsɜːkəmstənsɪz/

31
Q

Fill in the gaps with an appropriate linker.

I’ve had a lot of unforeseen (непредусмотренных) expenses this month, _ I’ll have to cut back on shopping.

A

I’ve had a lot of unforeseen expenses this month, so I’ll have to cut back on shopping.