Linguistics

Question 1

What is phonetics?

Answer 1

study of production of sounds

Question 2

morpheme

Answer 2

smallest unit of meaning

Question 3

morphology

Answer 3

how morphemes combine to make words

Question 4

syntax

Answer 4

how words construct and combine into phrases and sentences

Question 5

semantics

Answer 5

The study of meaning in language

Question 6

voiced sounds

Answer 6

when vocal cord vibrate to produce sound b, z, v

Question 7

voiceless-

Answer 7

sound made without vbibrating vocal cords- P, B

Question 8

dipthong

Answer 8

when a vowel blends into another vowel -ou

Question 9

consonant clusters

Answer 9

when consonants blend to create sounds

Question 10

epenthesis

Answer 10

when learners try to prounounce all letters in a word. Puh-lace for place

Question 11

metathesis

Answer 11

when sounds are rearranged in word from spelling iron is pronounced iern

Question 12

elision

Answer 12

sounds emitted from pronunciation for native English speaker Mac n cheese not mac AND cheese

Question 13

vowel reduction

Answer 13

reducing a vowel sound- an unstressed vowel in English

Question 14

schwa

Answer 14

when a vowel makes a short u sound
balloon
problem
family
bottom
support
analysis

Question 15

morphology

Answer 15

word forms and component parts

Question 16

morpheme

Answer 16

smallest unit of meaning

Question 17

free morpheme

Answer 17

can stand alone and has meaning- stem or root

Question 18

bound morpheme

Answer 18

needs to be connected to another morpheme- can’t stand alone - affixes- prefixes and suffixes

Question 19

connotation

Answer 19

emotional association (hard for ELLS)

Question 20

denotation

Answer 20

dictionary definition

Question 21

negative transfer

Answer 21

when language learners incorrectly apply rules of native language into current language they’re learning

Question 22

interference

Answer 22

mistake made based on native language
ex. I have 15 years vs. I am 15 years old.

Question 23

pragmatics

Answer 23

meaning in context- extends beyond semantics (seems to involve pragmatics to me)

Question 24

world englishes

Answer 24

many dialects of english around the world

Question 25

linguistic competence

Answer 25

knowlege of linguistic components- morphology, syntax, phonetics, semantics

Question 26

sociolinguistic competence

Answer 26

using language in a socially appropriate way- includes register- notice degrees of formality, setting, context etc.

Question 27

discourse competence

Answer 27

piecing together units of language into letters, speeches, convos and articles

Question 28

strategic competence-

Answer 28

recognize and repaire breakdowns in communication through strategic planning

Question 29

BICS-

Answer 29

Basic interpersonal communication skills

Question 30

CALP

Answer 30

cognitive academic language proficiency

Question 31

relative pronoun

Answer 31

who which that whose whom

Question 32

interrogative pronouns

Answer 32

who, whome what where when which why how?

Question 33

demonstrative pronouns

Answer 33

This that these those

Question 34

indefinite pronouns

Answer 34

anyone, each, many some, everyone, something, someone, neither, no one

Question 35

helping verbs

Answer 35

accompany verbs abd tellwhen somethign happened- ex is am, are was were beign been has had have, does did should could would

Question 36

transitive verbs

Answer 36

need DO I lay, raise, set (need DO)

Question 37

intransitive verbs

Answer 37

don't require a direct object

Question 38

correlative conjunctions

Answer 38

whether/or either/or neigher/nor both/and not only/but also

Question 39

subordinating conjunctions

Answer 39

join dependent cluases to independent clauses they're related to- after, as soon as, before since, until, when, while, as if though, because

Question 40

determiners

Answer 40

used before nouns- a, an the

Question 41

count nouns

Answer 41

nouns that have plural form

Question 42

noncount nouns

Answer 42

nouns that don't have plural- money greed furniture

Question 43

gerund

Answer 43

adding -ing to make something a noun ex. fishing, cooking, eating

Question 44

simple present tense

Answer 44

no helping/ auxiliary verbs. one independent clause

Question 45

simple past

Answer 45

haappened in past- add -ed

Question 46

irregular past

Answer 46

Mona saw, They ate- not an -ed verb

Question 47

simple future

Answer 47

we will meet, Tyrone will graduate- add "will" to make future tense

Question 48

present perfect

Answer 48

events in past at unspecified time. things that becane in past and ocnitnue to present. uses have/has and past participle verb. we have traveled Ahmed has been to school.

Question 49

past perfect

Answer 49

talk about 1 event in the past before another event in the past

Question 50

future perfect

Answer 50

something in future that will be completed by a certain time before another event will have happened

Question 51

participial phrase

Answer 51

a phrase that serves as an adjective ex. Enjoying the summer day, Dave went to the park.

Question 52

infinitive phrase

Answer 52

starts with "to" followed by simple form of verb

Question 53

apposative phrase

Answer 53

a noun that renames group of words that preceeds it, ex. My dad, a clock maker, fixed the clock.

Question 54

simple sentence

Answer 54

1 independent clause

Question 55

compound sentence

Answer 55

2 or more ind clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction

Question 56

complex sentences

Answer 56

one ind clause linked to a dependent clause with a subordinating conjunction

Question 57

compound/ complex sentence

Answer 57

2 or more ind clauses and one or more dependent clauses