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MTEL Terms > Linguistics > Flashcards

Linguistics Flashcards

1
Q

What is phonetics?

A

study of production of sounds

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2
Q

morpheme

A

smallest unit of meaning

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3
Q

morphology

A

how morphemes combine to make words

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4
Q

syntax

A

how words construct and combine into phrases and sentences

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5
Q

semantics

A

The study of meaning in language

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6
Q

voiced sounds

A

when vocal cord vibrate to produce sound b, z, v

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7
Q

voiceless-

A

sound made without vbibrating vocal cords- P, B

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8
Q

dipthong

A

when a vowel blends into another vowel -ou

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9
Q

consonant clusters

A

when consonants blend to create sounds

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10
Q

epenthesis

A

when learners try to prounounce all letters in a word. Puh-lace for place

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11
Q

metathesis

A

when sounds are rearranged in word from spelling iron is pronounced iern

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12
Q

elision

A

sounds emitted from pronunciation for native English speaker Mac n cheese not mac AND cheese

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13
Q

vowel reduction

A

reducing a vowel sound- an unstressed vowel in English

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14
Q

schwa

A

when a vowel makes a short u sound
balloon
problem
family
bottom
support
analysis

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15
Q

morphology

A

word forms and component parts

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16
Q

morpheme

A

smallest unit of meaning

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17
Q

free morpheme

A

can stand alone and has meaning- stem or root

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18
Q

bound morpheme

A

needs to be connected to another morpheme- can’t stand alone - affixes- prefixes and suffixes

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19
Q

connotation

A

emotional association (hard for ELLS)

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20
Q

denotation

A

dictionary definition

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21
Q

negative transfer

A

when language learners incorrectly apply rules of native language into current language they’re learning

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22
Q

interference

A

mistake made based on native language
ex. I have 15 years vs. I am 15 years old.

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23
Q

pragmatics

A

meaning in context- extends beyond semantics (seems to involve pragmatics to me)

24
Q

world englishes

A

many dialects of english around the world

25
Q

linguistic competence

A

knowlege of linguistic components- morphology, syntax, phonetics, semantics

26
Q

sociolinguistic competence

A

using language in a socially appropriate way-
includes register- notice degrees of formality, setting, context etc.

27
Q

discourse competence

A

piecing together units of language into letters, speeches, convos and articles

28
Q

strategic competence-

A

recognize and repaire breakdowns in communication through strategic planning

29
Q

BICS-

A

Basic interpersonal communication skills

30
Q

CALP

A

cognitive academic language proficiency

31
Q

relative pronoun

A

who which that whose whom

32
Q

interrogative pronouns

A

who, whome what where when which why how?

33
Q

demonstrative pronouns

A

This that these those

34
Q

indefinite pronouns

A

anyone, each, many some, everyone, something, someone, neither, no one

35
Q

helping verbs

A

accompany verbs abd tellwhen somethign happened-
ex is am, are was were beign been has had have, does did should could would

36
Q

transitive verbs

A

need DO
I lay, raise, set (need DO)

37
Q

intransitive verbs

A

don’t require a direct object

38
Q

correlative conjunctions

A

whether/or either/or neigher/nor both/and not only/but also

39
Q

subordinating conjunctions

A

join dependent cluases to independent clauses they’re related to-
after, as soon as, before since, until, when, while, as if though, because

40
Q

determiners

A

used before nouns- a, an the

41
Q

count nouns

A

nouns that have plural form

42
Q

noncount nouns

A

nouns that don’t have plural-
money greed furniture

43
Q

gerund

A

adding -ing to make something a noun
ex. fishing, cooking, eating

44
Q

simple present tense

A

no helping/ auxiliary verbs. one independent clause

45
Q

simple past

A

haappened in past- add -ed

46
Q

irregular past

A

Mona saw, They ate- not an -ed verb

47
Q

simple future

A

we will meet, Tyrone will graduate- add “will” to make future tense

48
Q

present perfect

A

events in past at unspecified time. things that becane in past and ocnitnue to present. uses have/has and past participle verb.

we have traveled
Ahmed has been to school.

49
Q

past perfect

A

talk about 1 event in the past before another event in the past

50
Q

future perfect

A

something in future that will be completed by a certain time before another event will have happened

51
Q

participial phrase

A

a phrase that serves as an adjective
ex. Enjoying the summer day, Dave went to the park.

52
Q

infinitive phrase

A

starts with “to” followed by simple form of verb

53
Q

apposative phrase

A

a noun that renames group of words that preceeds it,
ex. My dad, a clock maker, fixed the clock.

54
Q

simple sentence

A

1 independent clause

55
Q

compound sentence

A

2 or more ind clauses linked by a coordinating conjunction

56
Q

complex sentences

A

one ind clause linked to a dependent clause with a subordinating conjunction

57
Q

compound/ complex sentence

A

2 or more ind clauses and one or more dependent clauses

MTEL Terms (6 decks)

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