Language Learning and Acquisition

Question 1

What are the 4 stages in Piaget’s theory of cognitive development?

Answer 1

Sensorimotor Birth -2
Preoperational 2-7
Concrete operational 7-11
formal operational 11- adulthood

Question 2

What happens in the sensorimotor stage? (Piaget)

Answer 2

physical interacitons- trying and testing. Language is a physical skill- making sounds with mouth. imitation and mimicking

Question 3

what happens in the preoperational stage? (Piaget)

Answer 3

use of symbols to make meaning
speech- thinking outloud. egocentric- no consideration of other view points

Question 4

concrete operational stage - what happens? 7-11 (Piaget)

Answer 4

logical and organized methods and reasoning
inductive reasoning
recognizing others opinions
NOT abstract thought. just concrete ideas.

Question 5

what happens during the formal operational stage? (Piaget)

Answer 5

logical use of symbols and their relationship to abstract concepts
inductive and deductive reasoning
multiple purposes for language in this stage

Question 6

What is connectionism?

Answer 6

evolved in response to Piaget’s work- language comprehension and production developthrough continual engagement with language.

Question 7

Behaviorist Theory

Answer 7

repeated eposure to stimuli can create learning. the more frequently you’re exposed, the quicker it becomes habit.

Question 8

What is Krashen’s monitor model and what are his 5 hypotheses?

Answer 8

there is no fundamental difference in teh way humans learn 1st vs. 2nd language.

Question 9

What is Krashen’s acquisition learning hypothesis?

Answer 9

learning doesn’t allow learners to create output. only acquisition allows learners to develop language effectively

Question 10

What is Krashen’s input hypothesis?

Answer 10

language just slightly above a student’s grasp allows them to use current knowledge while gaining exposure to new content.

Question 11

What is Krashen’s monitor hypothesis?

Answer 11

Knowledge gained in formal settings can be helpful in certain settings, but don’t spend too much time monitoring your own mistakes

Question 12

What is Krashen’s natural order hypothesis?

Answer 12

Langauge is attained in similar order for all language learners

Question 13

What is Krashen’s affective filter hypothesis?

Answer 13

One’s attitue and their confidence affects their ability to learn language

Question 14

What is chomsky’s universal grammar?

Answer 14

Children are born with the ability to understand human voice and distinguish between language. they are NOT blank slaves, and have capacity to acquire create and comprehend language given the experiences to build language skills.

Question 15

What are the stages of language acquisition?

Answer 15

pre-speech
babbling stage
one word stage
two word stage
early multiword stage/ telegraphic stage
later multiword stage

Question 16

What is transfer?

Answer 16

applying knowledge of your first language onto learning a second language (it can be postive or negative)

Question 17

positive transfer

Answer 17

using cognates (comprender, comprehend) and other similarities to better understand a new language

Question 18

negative transfer

Answer 18

when students incorrectly apply rules from native language to learning English. I have 12 years vs. I am 12 years old

Question 19

code-switching

Answer 19

switching back and forth between languages to find the words that are most familiar to use Where is the “bano”?

Question 20

What are the stages of second language acquisition?

Answer 20

silent period- unwilling/ unable to communicate
interlanguage -learner’s present understanding of language they’re learning blends the first and second language. overgeneralize rule sin language
morpheme acquisition order- pattern in the knowledge of morpheme elements and how they’re gained as people aquire knowledge (OUTDATED)

Question 21

what are teh 5 stages of second language acquisition?

Answer 21

Preproduction- silent period

early production stage- 1,000 word active and receptive vocabulary 2-3 word prhases. can respond to questions. like games and songs

speech emergence-3,000 words. chunk words and phrases into sentences. gain confidence in conversation

intermediate fluency 6,000 words- speak in complex sentences, correct own errors, ask clarifying questions etc.

advanced fluency- near native fluency

Question 22

What are some techniques for instructing ELLS?

Answer 22

Language modeling- model speaking effectively
target- give a specific skill to work on through practice
comprehensible input- give students new info in context of old info to learn alongside things they already know
scaffolding- provide supports to access content that would otherwise be out of reach

Question 23

What is literacy?

Answer 23

reading, writing, thinking, speaking and understanding

Question 24

phonemes

Answer 24

smallest units of sound in a word.
Belt 4 phonemes b-e-l-t

Question 25

what are graphemes?

Answer 25

single letters or groups of letters that produce a sound.
wr and r make same sound but are difference graphemes.

Question 26

What are various approaches to language development?

Answer 26

whole language- communication is primary goal. language considered in whole vs. its parts and rules

vs.

phonics- skill based approach. specific skills targeted and practiced each day.

Question 27

What are the stages of literacy development?

Answer 27

emergent literacy- listning helps make meanings of sounds, identify words, sounds, and patterns
early stage- use of multiple strategies to predict and understand words. use visual cuses
transitional phase- read independently, decode, give oral summaries of what they’re reading
fluency stage- fluently, read, write speak