LINGALA APWH UNIT 9 Flashcards
Martin Luther King Jr. 8.7
Def: One of the most infamous African American civil rights leader in history. He brought to court the issue of racial segregation in schools in Brown vs Board of Education of Topeka Kansas and won. He boycotted public transit in Alabama , this ended segregation in public transport. He enacted several marches and was known for his peaceful protesting in order to gain justice. His efforts garnered him to win the Civil Rights Act of 1965, a highly effective law against racial discrimination.
LO: MLK as well as Gandhi were well known human rights activists that were known for using non-violent methods in order to achieve their goals. MLK peacefully protested, delegated, and spoke many speeches in order to convey his message.
Nelson Mandela 8.7
Def: A civil rights activist in South Africa. He fought against racial segregation and the laws of apartheid. Apartheid was a series of laws that discrimited against Black Africans in South Africa, implemented by the white-minority government in the country. Mandela was known to use some forms of violence early in his life, but later on he became known for his non-violent protests.
LO: Due to the white-minority government in South Africa there was an implement of a series of laws called the apartheid that discrimited against black Africans. This led to a movement of rebellion amongst the black population led by Nelson Mandela.
New Modes of Communication 9.1
Def: New technological advancements were made in this time period. Several of these advancements were made for communication uses. Such as radios, television, leading into cell phones. This eventually led to several social medias becoming popular in the 1990s. There was also new forms of physical transportation allowing people to visit people and places, for example airplanes, cargo planes, and giant tankers.
LO: After the advancements in technology during and after the cold war, communication became important and now approachable. People can now communicate with people across the world, and travel to different countries.
Green Revolution 9.1
Def: The long-term response to world hunger. Scientists used crossbreeding in order to create new types of plants and crops to make a diversity of food for people. They also used genetic engineering to change the basic makeup of the plant. The implemented pesticides, fertilizers, etc. to protect these crops from diseases and make them resistant from insects (GMOS). The negatives of this included small farmers losing their livelihood, chemicals damaging soil, and a decline in insect population due to pesticides.
LO: Due to the increasing population due to life-lengthening procedures and advancements, there were more people to feed. This also aided in the increasing population and lengthening the lives of humanity.
Medical Innovations (including vaccines and antibiotics) 9.1
Def: The new advancements in the medical field that greatly improved the longevity of human lives. Medical research led to the discovery of antibiotics in order to battle bacterial infections, birth control which declined the fertility rates, widely distributing vaccines to battle deadly diseases.
LO: Due to the steadily improving technological advancements the increase of medical innovations also increased. Many more people were able to be saved from diseases and such due to these improvements and the mortality rate reflects that.
Covid-19 Pandemic 9.2
Def: A epidemic that soon became a pandemic due to its contagiousness. One of the world’s deadliest pandemics in history and has killed and infected 10s of millions. This pandemic became an issue in the beginning of 2020 and has still continued to affect the world to this day. Covid started due a disease from bats in Wahun.
LO: As humanity and medical innovations improved throughout the decades so has the complexity of diseases. There is no cure to this disease and it was started from bats. There is a lot of information that is unknown about this virus but it was known to come from bats and the virus was able to be transferred to humans.
Diseases of Poverty 9.2
Def: Many diseases and viruses came from the horrid working and living conditions of the poor. Contaminated water and lack of access to health care also contributed to the spread of disease. Tuberculosis, Malaria, and Cholera are examples of diseases caused by contaminated water and poor conditions (as well as living circumstances). These diseases became deadly fast and killed many, there were many organizations that helped people from these diseases especially in places where there are lack of access to health care (Doctors without Borders).
LO: These living conditions and environmental circumstances allowed the creation of several diseases. These diseases killed many but due to the new medical improvements many were still able to be saved and less people died than they would’ve in previous decades.
Diseases of Longevity 9.2
Def: The new length of life also allows for several types of diseases. When one lives longer, the later in life you are the more types of diseases you can gain. Such examples are Heart disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Heart disease is caused through types of lifestyle and genetics, but things such as heart transplants and artificial hearts are used to combat this disease. Alzheimer’s disease is a form of dementia caused by old age and has no cure as of today. It causes the patients to lose their memory and undermines bodily functions leading to death.
LO: Due to the new environmental circumstances, several new diseases became common. As people lived longer they endured the diseases that comes with old age. These are only possible due to medical achievements lengthening life.
Causes of Environmental Change 9.3
Def: One such example being population growth, the overuse of land resources to feed the population. Another being the overuse of water resources, overfishing disrupts the ecosystem. Another example being urbanization which increases pollution and deforestation in order to create cities. Globalization and Industrialization also contribute to this change, as the constant use of natural resources affect the environment deeply. The constant use of cars and factories contribute to air pollution as well water population.
LO: Due to the extremely industrialized society in this time, population and climate change become growing issues. Although human lives have improved, the environment and the planet around us has decayed to accompany our advancements.
Economic Liberalization 9.4
Def: The opening of nations economies to the rest of the world. This contributes to the globalization of the world in this time, global markets and interconnected economies became more common after the Cold War. This theory is accompanied by free markets, which is a system of supply and demand that have little government involvement as possible. Many nations that became democratic within the time period were pushed into this system.
LO: The push for globalization and an interconnected societies have continued. Countries want access to other nations resources and if they can no longer take them by force, they will use diplomacy to take them under comradery. The new shift in which more nations take to democracy, allowing for a more capitalist society in the world as a whole.
Deng Xiaoping 9.4
Def: A Chinese leader that pushed for economic growth, he took a more capitalist approach and wasn’t afraid to step away from communism a little bit to do so. He made several reforms to improve China’s economy by replacing communes with peasant-led land, feeding into consumer culture, opened up stock markets and allowed private ownership, and allowed foreign companies in their nation. Many Chinese people thought that this economic reform should be paired with political reform into a more democratic one with the end of the Communist party. There was a student-led protest called Tiananmen Square in which they were protesting this exact thing but soldiers violently broke this up by using military grade weapons and killing many.
LO: The shift of China’s economy into one more democratic is one major change for China. The change in leadership from a totalitarian leader into one who facilitates growth and change also is a big change for China. A continuity is Communist government using all force necessary to push down opposition, this has been seen through history.
Knowledge Economy 9.4
Def: A new type of economy that creates, distributes, and uses knowledge and information. It is popularly used through technology companies (especially in the USA), in which workers use knowledge to create ways for other people to use their knowledge through tech and communication. Jobs of designing, engineering, and teaching are used in this economy as well. Finland, Japan, and the Asian Tigers were known to make a shift to this economy in this time period.
LO: This new form of economy is a major shift in the types of ways that countries are run. The continuity of new ways of economic growth facilitating a nation’s success.
World Trade Organizations (including anti-WTO protests) 9.4 & 9.7
Def: The successor of the General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and a transnational free-trade organization. They governed and made rules for 90% of all international trade. Due to it’s sheer power, their meetings became private and it’s members became only interested in corporate interests making the organization controversial. In The “Battle of Seattle” there were many protests against a certain WTO meeting of trade negotiations. These protests were by labor unions, family farmers, student groups, etc.. Anti-WTO protests became popular in all nations and was one of the first social movements that were coordinated through the internet.
LO: A continuity is a global organization that facilitates trade, and it being corrupted in some ways. A change being the power that WTO holds is much more grand than what GATT had. Many people held many protests against this big corporate play and wanted this organization to look beyond this intertest.
Multinational Corporation 9.4
Def: A legally incorporated corporation in one nation that makes or sells goods in one or more other countries. Joint-Stock companies such as the British-East India Company being an example of such. These corporations can become powerful enough to hold significant economic power, such corporations are Microsoft, Google, Mahindra & Mahindra, and Nestle.
LO: The use of multinational corporations have existed before such as the British-East Company. However, them growing to such power that they can hold such economic strength like Microsoft or Google is a new development in this time period.
ASEAN 9.4
Def: A transnational free-trade organization that is also a regional organization of Southeast Asian nations. They are dedicated to political and economic collaboration. They also the USA in their fight of global terrorism.
LO: The comradery of nations in order to achieve a certain goal is a continuity of the times. However, one in such Southeast Asian nations are involved in with as much power as it does is a change.
