LINGALA APWH UNIT 5 Flashcards
Abolition Movement 5.1
Def: The movement to end slavery and serfdoms. The movement was also to end the Atlantic slave trade. This movement was a wave that went through the entire world slowly but surely to free the enslaved. All countries abolished slavery at different times and this movement spaned time periods.
LO: The Abolition Movement was an effect of the Enlightenment ideals of that all people are equal. The Enlightenment popularized the ideas of freedom and equality and a major effect of its influence is the wave of movements that erupted as a result of this period.
Empiricism 5.1
Def: An Enlightenment belief that Francis Bacon developed, it states that knowledge comes from an experience. What you observe and experience makes up knowledge. Empiricism is typically opposed to Rationalism.
LO: The Enlightenment gave way to a wave of ideals based on logic, equality, and secularism. Due to this many different ideals became popular ways to think. The world didn’t base knowledge off of just religion they also argued and theorized with logic and reason.
Enlightenment 5.1
Def: The ideals that were popular in th Enlightenment period, these ideals focused around individualism, freedom, equality, and happiness. They challenged the preconcieved notions about class systems and the superiority of nobility and monarchs. LO: Many philosophers gave way to the ideas of equality and logic and even secularity. These ideas, alothough seen as extreme and radical, planted the seeds of rebellion, independance, and freedom that gave way to a lot of revolutions especially those focused around independance.
Suffrage Movement 5.1
Def: The long movement fighting for women's equal rights around the world. It spanned decades and took different amounts of time in accordance to each country. One of the many activists of this movement was Mary Wollstonecraft, who was a writer that wrote a book urging for women's rights to equal education as men. In Seneca Falls, New York many protested and promoted women's right and suffrage. LO: The Enlightenment allowed for many ideas of equality to finally take place. Such as, the abolition movement, revolutions of independance (working class being fed up), and of course the women suffrage movement. The Enlightenment period gave the right push to move this movement forward.
American Revolution 5.2
Def: The rebellion and revolution of America from Britain. This revolution like all Atlantic revolutions were inspired by the European Enlightenment ideals about equality, freedom, and humanity. The main document that encompasses this revolution and the government of the US is the Declaration of Independance and one key member that wrote this doument Thomas Jefferson who helped incorperate these Enlightenment ideals for the American people.
LO: The main cause of this revolution was most definetly the ideals that were diffused through the Enlightenment period. These ideals helped spurr the anger and strength of the people to rise up and revolt. There were also things that Britain did that pushed Americans to go straight to revolution (ex.increasing taxes).
Bolivar Revolutions 5.2
Def: The revolution and rebellion of Spain in parts of South America. The main instigator of this revolution was Simon Bolivar, who was a creole. This revolution was a popular topic amoung the creole class, who were born in the Americas but are of European descent and had the education to learn about the Enlightenment ideals.
LO: Like all the other Atlantic revolutions the Bolivar Revolution was caused by the Enlightenment ideals and Spain’s mistreatment of these South American states. There was a domino effect of revolutions after the Enlightenment ideals became well known and popular (French rev, Haitian rev, etc)
Classic Liberalism 5.2
Def: The philosophy of natural born rights and a limited government power. This belief helped back several citizen rights reform bills and were what some philosophers talked about during the Enlightenment period. This philosophy goes hand in hand with Utilitarianism, the belief that the greatest number of citizens benefited from anything the government did, which was developed by John Stuart Mill.
LO: This philosophy helped shape a lot of ideals that shaped several revolutions and movements that came during the Atlantic Revolution. The thought of natural born rights shaped the abolition movement, women suffrage movement, the Haitian Revolution, etc.
French Revolution 5.2
Def: The revolution and rebellion of the people of France from their monarchs. The people of the lower and working class of France were furious and wanted to break away and form the National assembly due to the inequality in voting rights compared to the Nobility and the Monarchy. The French Revolution took a brutal and manic turn and led to commoners rising up and taking over as well forcing King Louis XVI to conform to the requests of the people. It was a battle of power from the National Assembly and the king and queen, Mariantoinette, and this led to the very public deaths of said monarchs. LO: The main cause was the popularization of the Enlightenment ideals of freedom and equality. However, the reason for the radical and manic turn of the revolution was due to the sheer treatment of the people from the former monarchy and noble class, both politically and socially.
Haitian Revolution 5.2
Def: The revolution and rebellion of the slaves of Haiti from the European colonizers that were inhabiting the land after learning about the abolition happening in European countries. Former slave turned general Toussaint L’Ouverture led an army of slaves to attack the Europeans and create an independant government. The reason why Haiti was so important to the Europeans who conquered this area was due to the rich and bustling sugar and coffee colony that these area was cultivating and slaves were working. This industry was making Europe very rich and this revolution amd loss was a definite hit to them.
LO: The main cause of this revolution was the slaves learning that the slavery was formerly ended in Europe (to a degree) while they were still stuck in enslavement. That was the push they needed to revolt and fight for their freedom.
Nationalism 5.2
Def: The political ideology that allowed for those who shared the same language, same customs, and traditions to unite together and hold great pride in their country. Nationalism unified and binded people together. Count di Cavour unified and formed Italy from scattered city states due to the people’s pride in their culture and desire to form a legitamite nation. Otto von Bismark manipulated other nations and used the flames of German’s ferver to create Germany’s own nation. Italy had problems with poverty after unification leading to emigration out of Italy into Argentina and the US.
LO: This is mainly due to the increase of colonization in this time period, leading to the unifying of the people.
Causes of Industrialization 5.3
Def: There were many movements that led up to Industrialization such as the Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment period. The Scientific Revolution allowed for the popularization of scientific knowledge to allow for more inventions. The Enlightenment period popularized having forward thinking. The combination of this allowed for a time of urbanization.
LO: The discovery of coal and petroleum, first gave England an advantage when it comes to the Industrial Revolution as coal was discovered there. It also played a huge role in pushing the Industrial Revolution forward as so many machinery and sometimes technology need these fuels to work.
Factory System 5.3
Def: A system of divided labor involving the assembly line and interchangeable parts. It involves people working in an assembly line to make interchangeable parts. It’s a system that uses unskilled labor to make parts needed to create machinery and technology.
LO: The discovery of coal and petroleum helped influence the creation and fuel so much machinery and transportation.
Industrialization 5.4
Def: The societal transition from agricultural to factorial industry. The period of Industrialization started with the agricultural revolution and developed into the Industrial Revolution. Afterwards there was a second wave of Industrialization/Industrial Revolution also known as the Age of Steel.
LO: At first Industrialization was only occurring in Britain, but eventually diffused into other parts of Europe. Then due to colonization Industrialization occurred in countries that were colonized either due to coercion or in order to protect themselves.
Fossil Fuels Revolution 5.5
Def: The discovery and popular use of a new power source to fuel the newly created machinery. The use of coal and petroleum improved the newly invented machinery and technology. It provided more energy for transportation and gave more power for machinery which gave their uses more longevity.
LO: The increase in technology helped the evolution of communication between nations and helped revolutionize transportation to new heights. It completely transformed our society into one far more industrialized, it only continued to become more and more industrialized through the decades.
Industrial Communication 5.5
Def: The development of electricity revolutionized communication as the radio and telephone in the late 1800s. The Steamships and Railroads were revolutionized through the Fossil Fuels Revolution, which made coal and petroleum a common use. The telegraph became a way to use electrical signals to transmit messages and was the predecessor to the telephone.
LO: The technology developed in this time was revolutionary as it single-handedly connected the world through communication through transportation and telegraphs. It allowed for connection at a rate of speed which was never seen before at this time.
