Limitations Flashcards
What is the maximum altitude when an aircraft is dispatched for unpressurized flight?
10,000 ft MSL
What is the maximum altitude after an in flight depressurization?
10,000 ft MSL unless MEA or other constraints require a higher altitude
Maximum Operating Airspeed (Vmo/Mmo)
320/.78
Maximum Operating Airspeed (KIAS) 8,000 to 10,000 Pressure Altitude (ft.) (Vmo)
Red Line
Vmo/Mmo increases linearly from 250kts at 8,000 ft to 320 kts at 10,000 ft.
Maximum Operating Airspeed (KIAS) up to 8,000 Pressure Altitude (ft.) (Vmo)
250
Maximum Turbulence Penetration Speed (Vb/Mb)
Above 10,000 ft
At or below 10,000 ft
Above 10,000
250/.63 whichever is lower
At or below 10,000
200
Maximum Maneuvering (Va)
200
Full application of rudder and ailerons, and maneuvers involving angle of attack near stall, must be confined to speed below Va
A full or nearly full rudder deflection in one direction followed by a full or nearly full deflection in the other direction, even at speeds below the design maneuvering speed, can dramatically increase the risk of structural failure of the vertical stabilizer or rudder
Landing Gear Extension Speed (Vloe)
250
Landing Gear Extended Speed (Vle)
250
Landing Gear Retraction Speed (Vlor)
200
Gear Speeds
- Extension (Vloe)
- Extended (Vle)
- Retraction (Vlor)
- 250
- 250
- 200
Flaps 9 Speed
250
Flaps 18 Speed
200
Flaps 22 Speed
200
Flaps 45 Speed
145
Momentary airspeed excursions that are due to wind gusts or turbulence are allowed up to 155kts with no crew or maintenance action required
Steady state operations over 145 kts are not allowed and must be entered into the AML
Flap Settings
9
18
22
45
Flap Placard Speeds 9 18 22 45
9 - 250
18 - 200
22 - 200
45 - 145
When may the flap 45 speed be exceeded? When may it not?
Momentary airspeed excursions that are due to wind gusts or turbulence are allowed up to 155kts with no crew or maintenance action required
Steady state operations over 145 kts are not allowed and must be entered into the AML
Maximum Wiper Operating Speed
160
What aircraft control deflection should be avoided?
A full or nearly full rudder deflection in one direction followed by a full or nearly full deflection in the other direction, even at speeds below the design maneuvering speed, can dramatically increase the risk of structural failure of the vertical stabilizer or rudder
Maximum Operating Altitude
37,000 ft
Minimum Takeoff and Landing Pressure Altitude
-1000 ft
Maximum Takeoff and Landing Pressure Altitude
8000 ft
Minimum Takeoff and Landing Temperature
-40c SAT
In the event of a landing below -40c SAT, what must happen before aircraft can takeoff again?
Maintenance inspection must be performed before aircraft can takeoff again
What is the TAT limit in cruise flight (> 25,000 ft)
-45c
momentary deviations up to -50c do not required maintenance action
What does TAT stand for?
Total Air Temperature
TAT is the SAT (actual OAT) plus the temperature rise associated with high-speed flight. This temperature increase is called “ram rise” and is the result of heating of the air due to compression. From a practical standpoint, TAT (or RAT) is the temperature the airplane’s skin feels, while SAT is the free air’s temperature (aka OAT).
On the Ground and for Takeoff
What is the definition of Icing?
When OAT is 10c or below AND visible moisture in any form is present (clouds, fog w/ vis < 1mile, rain, snow, sleet, ice crystals)
Additionally, can exist when temp < 10c when operating on ramps, taxiways or runways where surface snow, ice, standing water or slush may be ingested by the engines or freeze on engines, nacelles, or engine sensor probes
What criteria should you use to determine whether to activate Anti-icing System on the ground?
Why?
Use the temperature and visual moisture criteria (do not rely on visual icing evidence or ice detector actuation to turn it on)
Delaying the use of Anti-icing System until ice build-up is visible from the flight deck may result in ice ingestion and possible engine damage or flameout
In Flight
What is the definition of Icing?
When TAT is 10c or below AND visible moisture in any form is present (clouds, fog w/ vis < 1mile, rain, snow, sleet, ice crystals)
Even if the Ice Detection System is not activating the Ice Protection System, the crew should manually activate it if icing conditions exist
Minimum Temperature for Manual Anti-Icing Operation
Maximum Temperature for Manual Anti-Icing Operation
What temperature should be used on the ground and for takeoff? In flight?
-40c
10c
Ground/takeoff - Outside Air Temperature (OAT)
In flight - Total Air Temperature (TAT)
Temperature limitation for automatic Anti-icing System Operation
There are none
When is a runway considered contaminated?
When more than 25% of the required field length, within the width being used, is covered by:
- more than 1/8th inch (3mm) of standing water, slush, wet snow
- more than 3/4 inch of dry snow
- compacted snow
- ice
Minimum Autopilot Engagement Altitude
500 ft
Minimum Disengagement Altitude
- Instrument approach (APR or NAV mode)
- Visual Approach (HDG or NAV as noted)
Instrument - MDA/DA/DH
Visual - Traffic Pattern Altitude (1500 ft AFL)
Can autopilot be engaged during single engine go around?
No, it is prohibited
Note: Go Around ends at 1,500 ft
When is Yaw Damper operation not authorized?
- Takeoff to 500ft AGL
- Landing
APU Starter Limits
Cooling Period
Between 3 Consecutive Attempts - 1 min OFF
Between Two Series of 3 Consecutive Attempts - 30 min. OFF
AHRS Limitation During Initialization
The aircraft must not be moved when the AHRS is in the initialization mode until all attitude and heading information presented on the PFD is displayed
Engine Cool Down After Landing or High Power Runs
Run each engine for a min. of 1 minute at idle or taxi thrust before shutdown
Minimum dispatch engine oil level
8 quarts before engine start or
7 quarts after engine start
Engine Type
Rolls Royce AE3007 A1
Engine warmup procedure prior to takeoff
- Warm Engine
- Cold Engine
- What is considered a cold engine?
Warm: Run engine at idle or taxi thrust for a min of 2 minutes
Cold: 4 minutes
Cold engine if it has been shutdown for more than 90 minutes
What must engine oil temp be prior to increasing N2 above 83%?
What as an acceptable alternate to this limitation
40c
In lieu of this minimum oil temp limit, it is acceptable to:
- run engine for at least 8 minutes and
- ensure the oil temp is in the green range prior to advancing Thrust Levers for takeoff
When should Max Continuous power be used?
Only during OEI operation or emergency only
Max ITT T/O ALT T/O Max Continuous Engine Start
T/O - 948
ALT T/O - 917
Max Continuous - 901
Engine Start - 800
Max N1
100%
Min and Max N2
57-102.4%
How long may oil pressure be in the amber range?
Amber range up to 115 PSI for 5 mins
Amber range up to 155 PSI for 2 mins
Total time in amber range may not exceed 5 mins
Exceedance must be logged in AML by crew
How long may oil pressure be in the red range
Operation in red range not authorized
What is the minimum oil temp for starting?
-40c
What is the minimum oil temp for takeoff?
40c
If oil temp is less than this perform Engine Warm Up Prior to Takeoff Procedure
Engine Warm Up Prior to Takeoff Procedure
In lieu of this minimum oil temp limit of 40c, it is acceptable to:
- run engine for at least 8 minutes and
- ensure the oil temp is in the green range prior to advancing Thrust Levers for takeoff
Starter Limits On Ground
Starting or Dry Motoring: Up to 5 min ON, 5 min OFF
OR
First to Fourth Cycles: 1 min ON, 1 min OFF
Following Cycles: 1 min ON, 5 min OFF
Max Altitude for Flap Extension
20,000 ft MSL
Acceptable Takeoff Flap Configurations
Flaps 9, 18, 22
Maximum Airspeed after Takeoff/During Climb without Retrimming
160 KIAS
Holding Configuration
Landing Gear UP
Flaps UP
Minimum Holding Airspeed Potential Icing Conditions
200 KIAS