Limbs Part 4

Question 1

What are the 2 main nerves that originate from the lumbar plexus?

Answer 1

• Femoral nerve
• Obturator nerve

Question 2

What does the femoral nerve supply?

Answer 2

Anterior compartment of thigh

Question 3

What does the obturator nerve supply?

Answer 3

• Medial (adductor) compartment of thigh

Question 4

What major nerve originate from the sacral plexus?

Answer 4

Sciatic nerve

Question 5

What are the branches of teh sciatic nerve?

Answer 5

• Common fibular nerve
  
  • Common peroneal nerve
    
    • Deep peroneal nerve
    • Superficial peroneal nerve
• Tibial nerve

Question 6

Which nerve innervates the anterior thigh muscles?

Answer 6

Femoral nerve

Question 7

Which nerve innervates the medial thigh muscles?

Answer 7

Obturator nerve

Question 8

Which nerve supply the buttock and posterior thigh muscles?

Answer 8

Sciatic nerve

Question 9

Which nerve supply the anterior leg muscles?

Answer 9

Deep peroneal nerve

Question 10

Which nerve supply the lateral leg muscles?

Answer 10

Superficial peroneal nerve

Question 11

Which nerve supply the posterior leg muscles?

Answer 11

Tibial nerve

Terminal branches – lateral and medial plantar nerves (planta = sole of foot)

Question 12

What are the branches of the common iliac artery (2)?

Answer 12

• Internal iliac artery
• External iliac artery

Question 13

What is the name of the external iliac artery when it passes through the inguinal ring?

Answer 13

• Femoral artery

Question 14

What is the name of the femoral artery when it passes through behind the knee?

Answer 14

• Popliteal artery

Question 15

What is the name of the popliteal artery after it passes through behind the knee?

Answer 15

• Tibial artery

Question 16

What are the branches of the femoral artery (2)?

Answer 16

• Femoral artery
• Deep femoral artery

Question 17

What are the branches of the deep femoral artery (2)?

Answer 17

• Superior gluteal arteries
• Inferior gluteal arteries

Question 18

What are the branches of the popliteal artery (4)?

Answer 18

• Superior lateral genicular artery
• Superior medial genicular artery
• Inferior lateral genicular arteries
• Inferior medial genicular arteries

Question 19

What are the branches of the tibial artery (3)?

Answer 19

• Posterior tibial artery
• Anterior tibial artery
• Peroneal artery

Question 20

What does anterior tibial artery become past the ankle?

Answer 20

• Dorsalis pedis artery

Question 21

What does posterior tibial artery become past the ankle?

Answer 21

• Lateral plantar artery

Question 22

What is the branch of the lateral plantar artery

Answer 22

• Medial plantar artery

Question 23

The deep veins accompany the arteries in the form of venae comitantes. What are the 2 major superficial arteries and where do they drain?

Answer 23

• Short Saphenous vein drains into popliteal vein
• Long saphenous vein drains into femoral vein

Question 24

What is the cardiovascular significance of the lower limbs?

Answer 24

The calf pump:
* Lower limb vein valves allow only distal to proximal flow. Deep leg veins sandwiched between layers of calf muscles. Contraction of muscles squeezes deep veins pushing blood towards heart.

Question 25

In general, lymphatic vessels run with the veins in most organs and tissues.
What are the 2 important nodes of the lower limb?

Answer 25

• Popliteal nodes
  
  • Drain distal limb
• Inguinal nodes
  
  • Drain limb and pudendal region, perineum, anus, and parts of the lower abdomen

Question 26

What are the 2 most important anatomical spaces of the lower limb?

Answer 26

• The Femoral Triangle
• The Popliteal Fossa

Question 27

What structures outline the femoral triangle (3)?

Answer 27

• Superiorly - the inguinal ligament
• Medially - adductor longus
• Laterally - sartorius

Question 28

What structures are found in the femoral triangle (4)?

Answer 28

• Femoral nerve
• Femoral artery
• Femoral vein
• Superficial and deep lymph nodes

Question 29

What structures outline the popliteal fossa (2)?

Answer 29

• Superiorly: semimembranosis and biceps femoris muscles
• Inferiorly: lateral and medial heads of gastrocnemius muscles

Question 30

What structures are found in the popliteal fossa (3)?

Answer 30

• Tibial and common peroneal nerves
• Popliteal artery and vein
• Popliteal lymph nodes

Question 31

What is the normal nerve supply to the Gluteus maximus muscle?
* the superior gluteal nerve
* the inferior gluteal nerve
* both the superior and inferior gluteal nerves
* the gluteal branch of the sciatic nerve
* the obturator nerve

Answer 31

the inferior gluteal nerve

Question 32

From which artery does the femoral artery arise?
* the internal iliac artery
* the external iliac artery
* the common iliac artery
* the abdominal aorta
* a merger of branches from the external and internal iliac arteries

Answer 32

the external iliac artery

Question 33

A 55 year-old woman was referred by her GP for an MRI scan after complaining of pain in her right anterior thigh and knee. The scan showed that she has a prolapsed intervertebral disc. Which spinal nerve is most likely to be being affected by the prolapsed disc?
* Right T12
* Right L1
* Right L3
* Right L5
* Right S2

Answer 33

Right L3

Question 34

The superior and inferior gluteal nerves and vessels normally pass between the pelvis and the buttock superiorly and inferiorly to which gluteal muscle?
* Quadratus femoris
* Piriformis
* Obturator externus
* Obturator internus
* Superior gemellus

Answer 34

Piriformis

Question 35

Which artery (or arteries) provide(s) the majority of the blood supply to the head of the femur in adults?
* the artery of the ligament of the head of femur
* the genicular arteries
* a direct branch of the femoral artery
* a direct branch of the external iliac artery
* the circumflex femoral arteries

Answer 35

the circumflex femoral arteries