Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum Part 3 Flashcards
(91 cards)
1
Q
Name the structure.
A
Kidneys
2
Q
Outline the vasculature of the kidneys.
A
- Left & Right renal arteries respectively
- Arise from the abdominal aorta
- Left & Right renal veins respectively
- Empty into the vena cava
3
Q
What are some main structure of the kidney?
A
- Hilum of the kidney
- Renal sinus (The surface of the kidney is rolled inward, creating this deep oval pocket)
- Here the renal artery & vein divide into numerous branches
- Renal pelvis (Formed by the convergence of a number of broad draining channels (Calyx (Calyces)))
- Renal sinus (The surface of the kidney is rolled inward, creating this deep oval pocket)
4
Q
What are the main structures that make up a kidney (starting from the outermost layer)?
A
- Outer cortex
- Inner medulla
- Papillae that open into the calyces
5
Q
Name the structure.
A
Ureter
6
Q
Where does the ureter originate?
A
Renal pelvis
7
Q
Where does the ureter insert?
A
Bladder
8
Q
What gender is shown in the picture?
A
Male
9
Q
Describe the journey that urine takes from the ureter to the penis.
A
- The ureter opens into the bladder at the ureteric ostium. Urine leaves the bladder through the internal urethral meatus, to enter the urethra.
- The urethra passes downwards through the prostate and emerges at the apex of the prostate. The proximal part of the urethra, the membranous urethra, passes downward through the sling of muscle that forms the pelvic diaphragm (levator prostate of the pubococcygeus muscle) and enter the bulb of the penis.
10
Q
Describe the journey that urine takes from the ureter onwards.
A
- The ureter opens into the bladder at the ureteric ostium. Urine leaves the bladder through the internal urethral meatus, to enter the urethra.
- The urethra is surrounded by the external urethral sphincter muscle. The urethra enter the vestibule of the vagina and urine exits through the external urethral meatus.
11
Q
Name the structure.
A
Suprarenal glands / Adrenal glands
12
Q
What is the function of the suprarenal glands?
A
Endocrine glands
13
Q
What are the main parts of the adrenal glands?
A
- Cortex
- Secretes corticosteroids
- Medulla
- Secretes epinephrine and norepinephrine
14
Q
What are the main differences between the male & female pelvis?
A
- Female pelvic cavity is wider from side to side & deeper from front to back
- The angle of the female pubic arch is broader
15
Q
Name the structure
A
The sacrum and the coccyx
16
Q
Name structure 1
A
Articular processes, for the fifth lumbar vertebra
17
Q
Name structure 2
A
Sacral promontory
18
Q
Name structure 3
A
Pelvic sacral foramina, for the anterior rami of the spinal nerves S1 - S4
19
Q
Name structure 4
A
Ala (wing) of the sacrum
20
Q
Name the structure
A
The sacrum and the coccyx
21
Q
Name structure 1
A
Dorsal sacral foramina, for the posterior rami of the spinal nerves S1 - S4
22
Q
Name structure 2
A
Sacral hiatus
23
Q
Name structure 3
A
Auricular surface, attaches with the upper part of the innominate bone to form the pelvis
24
Q
What is the joint between the sacrum and the innominate bones called?
A
Sacro-iliac joints
25
Name the bone
Hip bone
26
What three bones fuse together to make the hip bone? (Shown in a clockwise fashion)
* Ilium
* Pubis
* Ischium
27
Name the pink part of the ilium.
Body of ilium
28
Name the pink part of the ilium
Ala of ilium
29
Name the pink surface of the ilium
Iliac fossa
30
Name the surface of the ilium
Auricular surface of the ilium
| Articulates with the sacrum to form the sacro-iliac joint
31
Name the pink surface of the ilium
Iliac crest
32
Name the green landmark of the ilium
Posterior superior iliac spine
| Where the iliac crest ends
33
Name the green landmark of the ilium
Anterior superior iliac spine
| Where the iliac crest ends
34
Name the surface of the pubis
Superior pubic ramus
35
Name the surface of the pubis
Body of the pubis
36
Name the surface of the pubis
Inferior pubic ramus
37
Name the pink surface of the pubis
Pubic crest
38
Name the green landmark of the pubis
Pubic tubercule
39
Name the pink surface of the pubis
Pecten of the pubis
40
Name the green ligament
Pubic symphysis
| Holds together the two hip bones
41
What is the name of the opening formed between the hip bones, the sacrum and the pubic symphysis?
Pelvic brim
42
Name the ligament
Inguinal ligament
## Footnote
* Strong band of tendonous tissue that joins the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercule
* Lowest part of the external oblique aponeurosis
43
What ligaments strengthen the sacro-iliac joint?
* Anterior sacro-iliac ligament
* Posterior sacro-iliac ligament
* Sacro-tuberous ligament
* Originates on the back of the sacrum & inserted on the ischial tuberosity
* Sacro-spinous ligament
* Originates on the edge of the sacrum & inserted on the ischial spine
44
The sacro-tuberous ligament & the Sacro-spinous ligament divide the gap between the sacrum and the ischium into two openings. Name them.
* Greater sciatic foramen
* Lesser sciatic foramen
45
What are the boundaries of the inferior pelvic aperture?
* Sacro-tuberous ligament (behind)
* Ischiopubic rami (In front)
46
What muscles make up the pelvic wall?
* Piriformis muscle
* Obturator internus muscle
* Coccygeus muscle
* Levator ani muscle
* Ilio - coccygeus muscle
* Pubo - coccygeus muscle
47
Name the muscle.
Piriformis muscle
48
What is the origin of the piriformis muscle?
Sacrum & sacro-tuberous ligament
49
What is the insertion of the piriformis muscle?
Greater trochanter of the femur
50
What is the action of the piriformis muscle?
Laterally rotates & transversely abducts thigh at hip joint
51
What is the innervation of the piriformis muscle?
S1 - S2
52
What is the arterial blood supply of the piriformis muscle?
* Superior & inferior gluteal artery
* Internal pudendal artery
* Lateral sacral artery
53
Name the muscle.
Obturator internus muscle
54
What is the origin of the obturator internus muscle?
Internal surface of obturator membrane
55
What is the insertion of the obturator internus muscle?
Greater trochanter of the femur
56
What is the action of the obturator internus muscle?
Laterally rotates & transversely abducts thigh at hip joint
57
What is the innervation of the obturator internus muscle?
L5 - S1
58
What is the arterial blood supply of the obturator internus muscle?
* Internal pudendal artery
* Obturator artery
59
Name the tendonous structure.
Tendinous arch
60
Name the muscle.
Coccygeus muscle
61
What is the origin of the coccygeus muscle?
Ischial spine
62
What is the insertion of the coccygeus muscle?
Sacrum & Coccyx
63
What is the action of the coccygeus muscle?
Provides structural support to adjacent pelvic structures
64
What is the innervation of the coccygeus muscle?
Anterior rami of S4 & S5
65
What is the arterial blood supply of the coccygeus muscle?
Inferior gluteal artery
66
The Levator ani muscle can be divided into two theoretically (not functionally) different muscles. Name them.
* Ilio - coccygeus muscle
* Pubo - coccygeus muscle
67
Name the muscle.
Ilio-coccygeus muscle
68
What is the origin of the ilio-coccygeus muscle?
* Ischial spine
* Tendinous arch
69
What is the insertion of the ilio-coccygeus muscle?
* Coccyx
* Iliococcygeal raphe
* Anococcygeal ligament
70
What is the action of the ilio-coccygeus muscle?
* Provides structural support to adjacent pelvic structures
* Faecal continence
71
What is the innervation of the ilio-coccygeus muscle?
S3 - S4
72
What is the arterial blood supply of the ilio-coccygeus muscle?
* Inferior gluteal artery
* Inferior vesical artery
* Internal pudendal artery
73
Name the muscle.
Pubo-coccygeus muscle
74
What is the origin of the pubo-coccygeus muscle?
* Pubis
* Tendinous arch
75
What is the insertion of the pubo-coccygeus muscle?
* Coccyx
* Pubococcygeus tendon
* Perineal body
76
What is the action of the pubo-coccygeus muscle?
* Provides structural support to adjacent pelvic structures
* Urinary & faecal continence
77
What is the innervation of the pubo-coccygeus muscle?
* S3 - S4
* Inferior & perineal nerves
78
What is the arterial blood supply of the pubo-coccygeus muscle?
* Inferior gluteal artery
* Inferior vesical artery
* Internal pudendal artery
79
Name the structure.
Ovaries
80
What holds the ovaries to the fallopian tubes?
Mesovarium
81
What holds the ovaries to the uterus?
Ligament of the ovary
82
What holds the ovary to the wall?
* Suspensory ligament of ovary (part of the broad ligament)
* Round ligament (part of the broad ligament)
83
Name the structure.
Fallopian tubes
84
What are the fallopian tubes divided into?
* Isthmus
* Ampulla
* Infundibulum
85
What hold the fallopian tubes in place?
Mesosalpinx
86
Name the structure.
Uterus
87
What are the main parts of the uterus?
* Fundus
* Body
* Cervix
88
What hold the uterus in place?
The broad ligaments
89
Name the structure.
Vagina
90
Where does the vagina end?
Cervix
91
What are the folds inside the vagina called?
Rugae
