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Phase 1b - Anatomy > Abdomen, Pelvis & Perineum Part 4 > Flashcards

Abdomen, Pelvis & Perineum Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the journey the sperm take from the epididymis to the ejaculatory duct.

A
  • Goes through the ductus deferens to the ampulla. The ampulla joins with the seminal vesicle to form the ejaculatory duct.
    • The seminal duct produces a thick alkaline seminal fluid with fructose (Semen without sperm)
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2
Q

Name the muscle.

A

External anal sphincter muscle

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3
Q

What is the origin of the external anal sphincter muscle?

A

Anococcygeal ligament

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4
Q

What is the insertion of the external anal sphincter muscle?

A

Perineal body

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5
Q

What is the action of the external anal sphincter muscle?

A

Constricts anal canal

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6
Q

What is the innervation of the external anal sphincter muscle?

A

Perineal & inferior anal nerves

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7
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the external anal sphincter muscle?

A

Inferior anorectal artery

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8
Q

Name the tendonous structure.

A

Ano - coccygeal ligament

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9
Q

What structure is formed posteriorly between the levator ani muscle and the sacro-tuberous ligament & ischial tuberosity?

A

Ischio - rectal fossa

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10
Q

Name the structure.

A

Urogenital hiatus

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11
Q

What structures go through the urogenital hiatus?

A
  • Urethra
  • Rectum
  • Vagina (In females)
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12
Q

Name the structure.

A

Urethra

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13
Q

Name the structure.

A

Anus

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14
Q

Name the structure.

A

Vagina

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15
Q

What are the boundaries of the perineum?

A
  • Coccyx
  • Ischia tuberosities
  • Pubic symphysis
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16
Q

What are the boundaries of the urogenital triangle?

A
  • Ischiopubic rami (Ischia tuberosities & Pubic symphysis)
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17
Q

Outline the blood supply of the pelvic region that originate from the iliac artery.

A
  • Internal iliac artery
    • Superior gluteal artery
      • Supply the buttock region
    • Inferior gluteal artery
      • Supply the buttock region
    • Internal pudendal artery
      • Supplies the perineum (Goes out through the greater sciatic foramen, around the sacrospinous ligament, and back in through the lesser sciatic foramen)
      • Supplies the anal sphincter, pelvic diaphragm and the external genital structures
    • Obturator artery
    • Umbilical artery
      • Vesical artery
        • Supplies the bladder
    • Vesical artery
      • Supplies the bladder
    • Middle rectal artery
      • Supplies the rectum
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18
Q

Outline the innervation of the pelvic region.

A
  • Sacral plexus
    • Formed by the anterior primary rami of S1 - S4
    • Receive a contribution from L4 - L5 through the lumbosacral trunk
    • Branches:
      • Nerves to levator ani
      • Pudendal nerve
  • Pelvic plexus (autonomic nerves)
    • Sympathetic:
      • Tail end of sympathetic trunk
      • Hypogastric nerve
    • Parasympathetic:
      • Pelvic splanchnic nerves
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19
Q

What layers surround the testes?

A
  • Testes
  • Tunica vaginalis (forms a fluid - filled envelope around the testes - remanent of the peritoneum)
  • Spermatic fascia (fusion of two distinct layers, the internal & external spermatic fascia)
  • Dartos muscle
  • Scrotum (skin)
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20
Q

What structures are found in the spermatic cord?

A
  • Ductus deferens
  • Testicular blood vessels
    • Pampiniform plexus (veins that drain the testes)
    • Testicular artery
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21
Q

Describe the structure of testes.

A
  • Outermost: Tunica albuginea (tough fibrous coat)
  • Innermost: Seminiferous tubules (where spermatozoa are formed)
    • Converge at the mediastinum of the testis, to form the rete testis (efferent ducts) that leave testis to reach the epididymis
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22
Q

What are the 3 parts of the epididymis (superior to inferior)?

A
  • Head
  • Body
  • Tail
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23
Q

Outline the journey of sperm from the testes.

A
  • Spermatozoa leave the testes from epididymis to reach the ductus deferens.
  • The ductus deferens goes through the spermatic duct and then through the inguinal canal to the ampulla (behind the base of the bladder).
    • Enters at the external inguinal ring & exits at the internal inguinal ring
  • The ampulla (where the spermatozoa are stored) joins with the seminal vesicle (produces a thick alkaline seminal fluid with fructose (Semen without sperm)) to form the ejaculatory duct.
  • The ampullas & seminal vesicles form the ejaculatory ducts in the urethra through the colliculus.
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24
Q

Describe the structure of the penis.

A
  • Corpora cavernosa (sing. corpus cavernosum)
    • Main erectile bodies
    • Contained within tunica albuginea (strong fibrous tissue)
  • Corpus spongiosum
    • Urethra is contained within the corpus spongiosum
    • Continuous with the glans
      • The glans is covered by the prepuce / foreskin
      • The prepuce is continuous with the skin of the glans, in the coronal sulcus
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25
Q

Which structures hold the penis to its place?

A
  • Suspensory ligament (to the anterior abdominal wall)
  • Triangular ligament (to the pubic symphysis)
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26
Q

Where does the corpus spongiosum originate?

A

Bulb of the penis

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27
Q

Where do the corpora cavernosa originate?

A

Crura of the penis

28
Q

Name the muscle.

A

Ischio - cavernosus muscle

29
Q

What is the origin of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus of ischium
30
Q

What is the insertion of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Crus of penis

31
Q

What is the action of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Assists in erection of penis

32
Q

What is the innervation of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)

33
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Posterior scrotal branches of perineal artery

34
Q

Name the muscle.

A

Bulbo - spongiosus muscle

35
Q

What is the origin of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Perineal body
  • Median raphe on ventral aspect of penis
36
Q

What is the insertion of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Perineal membrane and dorsal aspects of corpus spongiosum and corpora cavernosa of penis
37
Q

What is the action of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Stabilises the perineal body
  • Expels urine & semen from the urethra
  • Assist in the erection of the penis
38
Q

What is the innervation of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)
39
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Perineal artery
40
Q

Name the muscle.

A

Superficial transverse perineal muscle

41
Q

What is the origin of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus of ischium
42
Q

What is the insertion of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Perineal body

43
Q

What is the action of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A
  • Stabilises perineal body
  • Provides structural support to adjacent pelvic and perineal structures
44
Q

What is the innervation of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A
  • Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)
45
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the superficial transverse perineal muscle?

A

Perineal artery

46
Q

What are the four parts of the male urethra?

A
  • Prostatic urethra
  • Membranous urethra
  • Bulbar urethra
  • Penile urethra
47
Q

Name the muscle.

A

External urethral sphincter muscle

48
Q

What is the origin of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

A

Rami of ischial bones

49
Q

What is the insertion of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

A

Fibres encircle membranous urethra

50
Q

What is the action of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

A

Constricts urethra

51
Q

What is the innervation of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

A

Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)

52
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the external urethral sphincter muscle?

A

Perineal artery

53
Q

What structures can be seen on the external female genitalia?

A
  • Labia majora
  • Labia minora
  • Head of clitoris
  • Vestibule of vagina
    • External urethral meatus
    • Vagina
54
Q

Name the muscle.

A

Bulbo - spongiosus muscle

55
Q

What is the origin of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A

Perineal body

56
Q

What is the insertion of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Perineal membrane
  • Corpora cavernosa of clitoris
57
Q

What is the action of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A
  • Stabilises the perineal body
  • Expresses secretions of greater vestibular glands
  • Assist in the erection of the clitoris
58
Q

What is the innervation of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A

Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)

59
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the bulbo-spongiosus muscle?

A

Perineal artery

60
Q

Name the muscle.

A

Ischio - cavernosus muscle

61
Q

What is the origin of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A
  • Ischial tuberosity
  • Ramus of ischium
62
Q

What is the insertion of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Crus of clitoris

63
Q

What is the action of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Assists in erection of clitoris

64
Q

What is the innervation of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Perineal nerve (S2 - S4)

65
Q

What is the arterial blood supply of the ischio-cavernosus muscle?

A

Posterior labial branches of perineal artery

66
Q

Name the structure.

A

Clitoris

67
Q

What are the parts of the clitoris?

A
  • Crura
  • Body
  • Glans

Phase 1b - Anatomy (8 decks)

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