Abdomen, Pelvis and Perineum Part 2 Flashcards
What are the 3 main branches of the abdominal aorta?
- Celiac Trunk
- Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
- Inferior Mesenteric Artery (IMA)
What structure of the abdomen are supplied by the celiac trunk?
- Stomach
- Proximal duodenum (up to the level of the major duodenal papilla)
- Spleen
- Liver
- Most of the pancreas
Foregut
Outline the path of the celiac trunk.
- Left gastric artery
- Supplies the stomach (inner curve)
- Common hepatic artery
- Hepatic artery
- Divides into right & left branches and supplies the liver
- Right gastric artery
- Supplies the stomach (inner curve)
- Gastro-duodenal artery
- Right gastro-epiploic artery
- Supplies the stomach (outer curve)
- Pancreaticoduodenal artery
- Supplies the head of the pancreas
- Right gastro-epiploic artery
- Hepatic artery
- Splenic artery
- Ends by dividing into numerous branches, entering the spleen
What structure of the abdomen are supplied by the superior mesenteric artery?
- Distal duodenum (Past the level of the major duodenal papilla)
- Jejunoileum
- Ascending colon
- Part of the transverse colon
Midgut
Outline the path of the superior mesenteric artery.
- Branches that supply the Jejunoileum
- Ileocolic artery
- Supplies the cecum
- Right colic artery
- Supplies the ascending colon
- Middle colic artery
- Supplies the transverse colon
What structure of the abdomen are supplied by the inferior mesenteric artery?
- Distal colon
- Superior rectum
Hindgut
Outline the path of the inferior mesenteric artery.
- Left colic artery
- Supplies the descending colon & the distal part of the transverse colon
- Anastomoses with the middle colic artery forming an arcade in the transverse mesocolon
- Sigmoid branches
- Supplies the sigmoid colon
- Superior rectal artery
- Supplies the upper part of the rectum
Outline the venous drainage of the GI tract.
- Portal vein (runs up towards the liver, where it divides into left & right branches as it enters the portal hapatis)
- Superior mesenteric veins
- Inferior mesenteric vein
- Splenic vein
Name the structure.
Liver
How is the liver attached to its surroundings?
Peritoneal folds
Name structure 1.
Gallbladder
Name structure 2.
Inferior Vena Cava
Name the structure.
Falciform ligament
What are the borders of the falciform ligament?
- It runs from the highest part of the liver down to the hepatic notch
- Divides the liver into a left & right lobe
- Its anterior border is attached to the anterior abdominal wall
- Its posterior border hangs free all the way down to the umbilicus
Name the cordlike structure that lies in the free border of the falciform ligament.
Ligamentum teres, the remnant of the umbilical vein
What are the borders of the ligamentum teres?
- Runs through the hepatic notch onto the underside of the liver surrounding the bare area
- Superiorly it is attached to the diaphragm
- The attachment ends where the right & left side of the falciform ligament diverge, becoming the coronary ligament
What are the peritoneal structures that pass to the left & right near the top of the liver?
- Left & Right triangular ligaments
- Attach the liver to the diaphragm
What other peritoneal structure attaches to the liver?
Lesser omentum, to the posterior part of the liver
What structures are found posterior to the liver?
- Inferior vena cava
- Gallbladder
What is the structure of the liver above the gallbladder called?
- Porta hepatis
- Where the portal vein & hepatic artery enter the liver, and hepatic ducts leave it
Where do the hepatic veins enter?
Inferior vena cava
What are the different surface areas of the posterior liver (No functional significance)?
- Left lobe
- Right lobe
- Quadrate lobe
- Caudate lobe
Name the structure.
Pancreas
What is the function of the pancreas?
Gland with endocrine & exocrine function
What are the four parts of the pancreas?
- Head (Yellow)
- Neck (Green)
- Body (Blue)
- Tail (Pink)
What is the curvature formed by the head of the pancreas (Black line) called?
Uncinate process
What structure are found posterior to the pancreas?
- L1
- Inferior vena cava
- Aorta
- Superior Mesenteric Artery (SMA)
- Left Kidney
- Portal vein
How does the pancreas release its exocrine secretions?
Through the pancreatic duct into the duodenum
Where does the common bile duct originate?
- Common bile duct
- Common hepatic duct
- Hepatic ducts
- Liver
- Hepatic ducts
- Cystic duct
- Gallbladder
- Reservoir of bile
- Gallbladder
- Common hepatic duct
Where does the common bile duct empty?
Duodenum (superiorly of the pancreatic duct)
Name the structure.
Spleen
What is the function of the spleen?
- Filter of blood cells
- Significant factor of the immune system
What hold the spleen to its place?
- The gastro-splenic ligament (an extension of the greater omentum that extends from the greater curve of the stomach
- The lieno-renal ligament (gives the spleen a loose connection to the left kidney and to the posterior abdominal wall
