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Anatomy > Ligaments, canals and Fossae > Flashcards

Ligaments, canals and Fossae Flashcards

1
Q

What is the inguinal ligament composed of?

A

The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle

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2
Q

Where does the inguinal ligament run?

A

From ASIS to the pubic tubercle

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3
Q

Where does the inguinal canal run from?

A

The deep inguinal ring to the superficial inguinal ring - superior and parallel to the medial half of the inguinal ligament

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4
Q

What forms the deep inguinal ring?

A

A deficiency in the transversalis fascia of the abdomen

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5
Q

What forms the superficial inguinal ring?

A

A triangular shaped deficiency in the aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle which attaches laterally to the pubic tubercle and medially to the pubic crest

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6
Q

How long is the inguinal canal?

A

Approximately 4cm

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7
Q

What is the anatomical landmark for the deep inguinal ring?

A

Half way between the ASIS and pubic tubercle

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8
Q

What is the anterior wall of the inguinal canal composed of?

A

Aponeurosis of external oblique and the internal oblique muscle fibres

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9
Q

What is the superior wall of the inguinal canal composed of?

A

Internal oblique and transversus abdominus muscle fibres

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10
Q

What is the posterior wall of the inguinal canal composed of?

A

The conjoint tendon (formed by the aponeurosis of the transversus abdominus and internal oblique) and transversalis fascia

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11
Q

What is the inferior wall of the inguinal canal composed of?

A

The inguinal ligament

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12
Q

What is the conjoint tendon composed of?

A

The aponeurosis of the transversalis abdominus and internal oblique muscles

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13
Q

Where does the conjoint tendon run?

A

From the superior border of the inguinal canal to the posterior border of the inguinal canal to the pectineal line and pubic crest

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14
Q

Where does the external iliac artery branch to form the inferior epigastric artery?

A

Halfway between the pubic symphysis and the ASIS (i.e. medial to the deep inguinal ring) and inferior to the inguinal ligament

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15
Q

Where does the inferior epigastric artery run in relation to the inguinal canal?

A

Medial to the deep inguinal ligament and in the posterior wall of the canal, superiorly towards the rectus sheath

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16
Q

What are the borders of Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

Lateral border = inferior epigastric artery
Medial Border = rectus abdominus
Inferior border = inguinal ligament
(note that the posterior border is only bounded by transversalis fascia and therefore is not as strong as the posterior area that is bounded by the conjoint tendon)

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17
Q

What is the significance of the Hasselbach’s triangle?

A

It is the site of direct inguinal herniation (weakness in the transversalis fascia which leads to direct herniation from the abdomen without passing through the deep inguinal ring)

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18
Q

What is the lacunar ligament composed of?

A

The aponeurosis of the external oblique

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19
Q

Where is the lacunar ligament?

A

It runs from the inferomedial border of the inguinal ligament to the pectineal line to form the medial border of the femoral ring

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20
Q

What are the boundaries of the femoral ring?

A

Superiorly - inguinal ligament
Medially - lacunar ligament
Laterally - inferior epigastric vein
Posteriorly- pectineus muscle

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21
Q

What does the gubernaculum in the embryo form in the female?

A

The round ligament

22
Q

What is the processus vaginalis?

A

It is a section of peritoneum that descends with the testis through the inguinal canal during fetal development and eventually forms the tunica vaginalis

23
Q

How does a congenital indirect inguinal hernia form?

A

The processus vaginalis (a section of peritoneum) descends with the gubernaculum through the abdominal wall along the inguinal canal into the scrotum to form the tunica vaginalis. The descending portion should involute but if it remains patent, it provides a weakening whereby contents of the abdomen can pass through the deep inguinal ring and out the superficial ring and end up in the scrotum

24
Q

Where would a femoral hernia be located?

A

Inferior and lateral to the pubic tubercle

25
Q

Where would an inguinal hernia be located?

A

Medial to the pubic tubercle

26
Q

Why are femoral hernias more common in females?

A

They have a wider femoral ring than males

27
Q

What is the femoral triangle?

A

A Triangular shaped depression in the thigh which lies directly below the inguinal ligament

28
Q

What are the superior, medial and lateral borders of the femoral triangle?

A 
Superior = inguinal ligament
Medial = adductus longus muscle (medial margin)
Lateral = Sartorius muscle
29
Q

What is floor of the femoral triangle composed of?

A

Medially it is formed of:
Adductus longus and pectineus muscles
Laterally it is formed of:
Psoas major tendon and iliacus muscle

30
Q

What is the roof of the femoral triangle composed of?

A

Skin, superficial fascia, lymphatics and great saphenous vein

31
Q

Which nerve supplies the skin overlying the femoral triangle?

A

The femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve

32
Q

What structures inside the femoral triangle?

A

Medial = femoral vein
Middle = femoral artery
Lateral = fermoral nerve
Deep inguinal nodes

33
Q

What is contained within the femoral sheath?

A

The femoral artery, vein and canal

34
Q

What does the femoral canal contain?

A

Lymphatics, node of cloquet

35
Q

What is the clinical significance of the femoral canal?

A

It communicates directly with the femoral ring and therefore a femoral hernia can travel though the femoral canal

36
Q

What are the contents of the inguinal canal?

A

Round ligament and ilioinguinal nerve + spermatic cord in males

37
Q

Which artery does the femoral artery arise from?

A

External iliac artery

38
Q

What is the node of Cloquet?

A

Lymphatic drainage for the clitoris and glans of the penis which is found in the femoral canal.

39
Q

Where is the node of cloquet found?

A

Femoral canal

40
Q

What are the fascial layers of the spermatic cord?

A 
External spermatic (coming from the external oblique)
Cremasteric muscle and fascia (coming from the internal oblique
Internal spermatic (coming from the transversalis fascia)
41
Q

What are the contents of the spermatic cord?

A

1) Vas deferens + Vas artery (from inferior vesicle artery)
2) Supply to the Testes = testicular artery (a branch of the aorta), pampiniform plexus (to testicular vain and IVC), lymphatics (drain to the paraaortic lymph nodes
3) sympathetic (ejaculation) and parasympathetic (erection) nerve supply
4) Supply to the cremasteric muscle = cremasteric nerve (genital branch of genitofemoral nerve) + cremasteric artery (branch of the inferior epigastric artery
5) Ilioinguinal nerve

42
Q

Where does the testicular artery run from?

A

From abdominal aorta to the testes in the spermatic cord via the inguinal canal

43
Q

Where does the testicular vein run to and from?

A

From the pampiniform plexus serving the testes in the spermatic cord via the inguinal canal to the testicular vein which drains to the IVC

44
Q

Where do testicular lymphatics run?

A

In the spermatic cord via the inguinal canal to the para-aortic lymph nodes

45
Q

Where does the cremasteric nerve arise from?

A

Genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

46
Q

Where does the cremasteric artery arise from?

A

The inferior epigastric artery

47
Q

Which arteries run in the spermatic cord?

A

Vas
Testicular
Cremasteric

48
Q

Which veins run in the spermatic cord?

A

Pampiniform plexus arising from the testicular vein

49
Q

Which nerves run in the spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal
Cremasteric
Sympathetic

50
Q

Which vessels exit the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Inferior, superior gluteal arteries and veins

Internal pudendal artery and vein

51
Q

Which muscles exit the greater sciatic foramen?

A

Only the piriformis

Anatomy (17 decks)

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