Ligaments

Question 1

What three ligaments are found in the acromioclavicular joint?

Answer 1

1. Acromioclavicular ligament (acromion to the acromial end)
2. Conoid ligament (Coracoid process to the conoid tubercle of clavicle)
3. Trapezoid ligament (Coracoid process to trapezoid line)

Question 2

Sternoclavicular joint

Answer 2

1. Anterior + posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
2. Interclavicular ligament (between each end of the clavicle)
3. Costoclavicular ligament (Impression for costoclavicular ligament –> contiguous costal cartilage of first rib)

Question 3

Shoulder joint

Answer 3

1. Glenohumeral ligaments
   Superior (supraglenoid tubercle –> upper part of lesser tubercle)
   Middle (Supraglenoid tubercle –> anatomical neck)
   Inferior (Supraglenoid tubercle –> Lower part of lesser tubercle)
2. Coracohumeral ligament (Base of coracoid process –> Greater tubercle of humerus)
3. Transverse humeral ligament (Between the greater and lesser tubercle of humerus)
   - Holds a tendon at place
4. Caracoclavicular ligament (Clavicle to coracoid process)
5. Coracoacromial ligament (Coracoid process –> Acromion)
   - Makes your hand stop vertically

Question 4

Elbow joint

Answer 4

1. Annular ligament (Anterior margin of radial notch of ulna –> posterior margin of radial notch of ulna)
   - Encircles the head if radius and keeps it in position
2. Radial collateral ligament (lateral epicondyle –> Anterior and posterior margins of the supinator crest of the ulna)
   - Prevents adduction
3. Ulnar collateral ligament (Medial epicondyle –> coronoid process and olecranon of ulna)
   - Prevents abduction

Question 5

Wrist joint

Answer 5

1. Radial collateral ligament (Styloid process of radius –> trapezium bone and scaphoid bone)
   - Limit ulnar derivation at the wrist.
2. Ulnar collateral ligament (Styloid process of ulna –> triquetral bone and pisiform.)
3. Dorsal radiocarpal ligament (Posterior border of lower end of radius –> Scaphoid lunate triquetral
4. Plantar radiocarpal ligament (Distal end of radius –> scaphoid lunate triquetral and capitate)

Question 6

Temporal mandibular joint

Answer 6

1. Lateral temporomandibular ligament (tubercle on the zygomatic bone –> Neck of madible
2. Sphenomandibular ligament (spine if sphenoid bone –> lingula of mandible)
3. Stylomandibular ligament (Styloid process –> posterior border of the ramus of the mandible)
   - Separating the parotid from the submandibular gland.

Question 7

Ligaments of the vertebrae

Answer 7

1. Anterior longitudinal ligament (Occipital bone –> Sacrum)
   - Limits extension of vertebrae.
2. Posterior longitudinal ligament (Ocipital bone –> sacrum, sacral canal)
   - Limits flexion.
3. Ligamentum flavum (Lamina of superior vertebra –> Lamina of inferior vertebrae)
   - Connects two adjecent vertebrae
4. Ligamentum nuchae (external occipital protiberence and crest –> C7)
   - Triangular shaped median fibrous septum
5. Interspinous ligament (Superior spinous process –> Inferior spinous process)
6. Intertransverse ligament (Transverse process to transverse process of two adjacent vertebraes.
7. Supraspinous ligament (Spinous process to spinous process)

Question 8

Lumbosacral joint

Answer 8

1. Illiolumbar ligament (Transverse process of fifth and fourth vertebrae to the inner lip of posterior part of iliac crest)
   - Strengthens the illiosacral joint

Question 9

Sacroiliac joint

Answer 9

1. Anterior sacroiliac ligament (Lateral part of sacrum –> Margin of the auricular surface of the ilium)
2. Posterior sacroiliac ligament (First and second and third transverse tubercles of sacrum –> Tuberosity of ilium and posterior superior spine of ilium)
3. Interossous sacroiliac ligament (lies deep to the posterior ligament –> deep to the posterior ligament)

4.

Question 10

Hip Joint?

Answer 10

1. Iliofemoral ligament (anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular lim –> intertrocanteric line and base greater trochanter)
   - Resist hyperextention and lateral rotation at hip joint
2. Ichiofemoral ligament (Ichial portion of acetabular rim –> neck of femur and medial base of greater trochanter)
   - Limits extension and medial rotation of the thigh
3. Pubofemoral ligament (pubic portion of acetabular rim and superior pubic ramus –> Lower part of femoral neck)
   - Limits extention and abduction
4. Round ligament of head of femur (Margin of the acetabular notch and transverse acetabular ligament –> fovea capitis femoris)
   - Pathway for the artery of ligamentum capitis femoris)
5. Transverse acetabular ligament (Bridges the acetabular notch)
   - Makes a foramen which the nutrient vessels can enter the joint

Question 11

Knee joint

Answer 11

1. Anterior cruciate ligament (anterior interondylar area of tibia –> Lateral surface of medial condyle of femur)
   - Prevents foreward sliding of the tibia on the femur and prevents hyperextension of the knee.
2. Posterior cruciate ligament (posterior intercondylar area –> lateral surface of the medial femoral condyle)
   - Prevents backward sliding of the tibia on the femur and limits hyperflexion of the knee
3. Medial meniscus (medial collateral ligament –> posterior intercondylar area)
   - Shock absorber and lubricates the articular surfaces by distributing synnovial fluid.
4. Lateral meniscus (intercondylar emminence of tibia –> posterior intercondylar area)
5. Transverse ligament (anterior end of lateral menisci –> anterior end of medial menisci)
   - Binds menisci together
6. Tibial collateral ligament (Medial femoral epicondyle –> medial tibial epicondyle)
   - Prevents medial displacement of the two long bones and abduction of the leg and the knee)
7. Fibular collateral ligament (lateral femoral epicondyle –> head of fibula)
   - limits extention and adduction of the knee
8. Patellar ligament (apex of patella –> tuberosity of tibia)
   - Keep the patella in place)

Question 12

Atlantoaxial joint

Answer 12

1. Anterior atlantoaxial ligament (bottom of anterior arch of atlas to front of body of axis)
2. Posterior atlantoaxial ligament (bottom of posterior arch of atlas –> upper edges of lamina of axis)
3. Transverse ligament of atlas (Across the ring of the atlas)
   - Retains the odontoid process in contact with the anterior arch
4. Alar ligaments (Either side of the dens to the medial sides of the occipital condyles)
5. Apical ligament (Apex of dens to the anterior rom of the foramen magnum
   - Two strong rounded cords that attach the skull to C2

Question 13

Atlanto-occipital joint

Answer 13

1. ## Anterior atlanto-occipital ligament (Anterior margin of the foramen magnum –> upper border of the anterior arch of atlas)
2. Posterior atlanto-occipital ligament (connected above to the posterior margin of the foramen magnum and below to the upper border of the posterior arch of the atlas)