Ligaments

Question 1

Extracellular components of ligaments?(5)

Answer 1

1. Water
2. Collagen type 1
3. Elastin
4. Proteoglycans
5. Lipids

Question 2

Cells involved in ligaments

Answer 2

Fibroblasts

Question 3

Compared to tendons ligaments have? (3)

Answer 3

1. Lower % collagen
2. Higher % PG, H20
3. Less organised collagen fibres

Question 4

Name the 2 types of ligament insertion?

Answer 4

Indirect (fibrous)

Direct (Fibrocartilaginous)

Question 5

Indirect ligament insertion inserts how? (2)

Answer 5

1. Superficial directly onto periosteum

2. Deep via Sharpey fibres (perforating collagen fibres)

Question 6

4 zones of direct ligament insertion?

Answer 6

Zone 1 - tendon/ligament
Zone 2- Fibrocartilage (type 2, 3 collagen)
Zone 3 Mineralized fibrocartilage (Type 2 type X collagen)
Zone 4 bone (Type 1 collagen with high mineral content)

Question 7

Where do ligaments recieve their blood supply?

Answer 7

From their insertion site

Question 8

Unique to ligaments on the stress-strain curve?

Answer 8

Elongated toe region 2 to crimped fibres

Question 9

Failure site of tendons in adults?

Answer 9

Midsubstance

Question 10

4 phases of ligament healing?

Answer 10

1. Inflammatory phase
2. Proliferation phase
3. Remodelling phase
4. Maturation phase

Question 11

What type of collagen is produced during the inflammatory phase?

Answer 11

Type 3

Question 12

NB factors that impair healing? (2)

Answer 12

Immobilization

Intra-articular worse than extra