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Basic Orthopaedic Sciences > Articular cartilage > Flashcards

Articular cartilage Flashcards

1
Q

Composition of articular (Hyaline) cartilage? (5)

A
  1. Water
  2. PG
  3. Collagen 2
  4. Cells
  5. Non collagenous proteins
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2
Q

2 Functions of type 2 collagen?

A
  1. Cartilagenous framework

2. Tensile strength

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3
Q

Water makes up what percentage of articular cartilage?

A

65-80%

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4
Q

Function of the PG? (2)

A 
Attract water
Compressive strength (aggrecan)
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5
Q

What do the chondrocytes produce? (3)

A

Collagen
PG
Enzymes

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6
Q

Name the 3 zones of articular cartilage?

A

Superficial
Intermediate
Deep
Tidemark

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7
Q

Features of the superficial zone of cartilage? (3)

A
  1. Collagen arranged parallel (slip and slide)
  2. Lowest amount of PG
  3. Highest concentration of collagen
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8
Q

Features of the intermediate zone? (3)

A
  1. Oblique/disorganised fibres
  2. higher PG content
  3. Thickest layer with round chondrocytes
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9
Q

Features of the deep Layer/ Basal layer? (3)

A
  1. Collagen fibres arranged perpinduclar (squash zone)
  2. Highest amount of PG
  3. Round chondrocytes arranged in columns
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10
Q

What is the tidemark?

A

Deep to basal layer and separates articular cartilage from deeper cartilage (remnant of endochondral ossification)

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11
Q

2 sources of nourishment for articular cartilage?

A
  1. From synovial fluid

2. Subchondral bone

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12
Q

By which process does cartilage produce ATP>

A

Glycolysis

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13
Q

Response of articular cartilage to physiological (normal) stress? (2)

A

Stimulates matrix synthesis

Inhibits chondrolysis

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14
Q

Repetitive loading ie mod running leads to what 2 changes?

A

Increase in cartilage thickness

Change in PG content

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15
Q

Forms of joint lubrication? (5)

A
  1. Elastohydrodynamic
  2. Boundary (Slippery surfaces) (Main)
  3. Boosted (fluid entrapment)
  4. Hydrodynamic
  5. Weeping
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16
Q

Mechanisms of wear? (5)

A
  1. Adhesion
  2. Abrasion
  3. Third body
  4. Fatigue
  5. Transfer
17
Q

What happens to the composition of cartilage with ageing?

  1. Water
  2. Modulus
  3. Chondrocytes
  4. GAG
  5. PG
  6. Collagen
  7. AGE
A
  1. Decreased
  2. Increased (less elastic)
  3. Less but larger
  4. Increased keratin:chondroitin ratio
  5. Increased decorin, decreased size
  6. Increased cross linking/brittleness
  7. Increased
18
Q

What happens to the composition of cartilage with OA?

  1. Water
  2. Modulus
  3. Chondrocytes
  4. GAG
  5. PG
  6. Collagen
  7. AGE
A
  1. Increased
  2. Decreased
  3. Cells cluster
  4. Increased chondroitin:keratin ration
  5. PG unbound from hyaloronate
  6. Disorganised collagen
  7. Accumulation thought to lead to OA in knee and ankle
19
Q

Healing of deep lacerations in cartilage? Through the tidemark

A

Leads to fibrocartilage healing

Heals with Type 1 collagen

20
Q

Healing of superficial lacerations?

A

Chondrocyte proliferation but no healing (avascular)

Can be treated with abrasive arthroplasty

Basic Orthopaedic Sciences (25 decks)

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