lifespan Exam 3 Flashcards
What is the psychosocial development task for infants (1 month-1 year) according to Erikson?
Trust vs. mistrust
Achieving this task is based on the quality of the caregiver-infant relationship and the care received by the infant.
What promotes trust in infants during their first year?
Meeting comfort, feeding, stimulation, and caring needs.
What leads to mistrust in infants?
Inadequately or inconsistently met needs or needs being continuously met before vocalization.
What is the psychosocial development task for toddlers (1-3 years) according to Erikson?
Autonomy vs. shame and doubt.
What behavior might toddlers exhibit in response to anxiety or separation?
Regression (bed-wetting, thumb sucking).
At what age do toddlers begin to play and communicate with others?
By age 3.
How do toddlers view the concept of punishment and obedience?
They view it in terms of rewards for good behavior and punishments for bad behavior.
What is a key aspect of self-concept development in toddlers?
They progressively see themselves as separate from their caregiver.
What developmental task do preschoolers (3-6 years) face according to Erikson?
Initiative vs. guilt.
What can cause preschoolers to feel guilty?
When they are unable to accomplish a task.
What do preschoolers begin to understand regarding behavior?
What is socially acceptable.
What is a common issue related to body-image changes in preschoolers?
Mistaken perceptions of reality leading to fears.
What is a typical social behavior of preschoolers?
Engaging in pretend play.
What is the average sleep requirement for preschoolers?
About 12 hours of sleep a day.
What psychosocial development task do school-aged children (6-12 years) face according to Erikson?
Industry vs. inferiority.
What motivates school-aged children to develop a sense of industry?
Tasks that increase self-worth.
What moral development stage do school-aged children initially exhibit?
when you do something to get something specific in return
Instrumental exchange.
What do school-aged children begin to focus on in the latter part of their years?
Law-and-order orientation.
What social development characteristics are common in school-aged children?
Friendships among same-gender peers and peer pressure.
What psychosocial development task do adolescents (12-20 years) face according to Erikson?
Identity vs. role confusion.
What is a key aspect of emotional autonomy in adolescents?
Independent decision-making regarding relationships.
What changes regarding sexual identity occur during adolescence?
Transition from friendships to intimate relationships.
What is a common health perception among adolescents?
Viewing themselves as invincible to bad outcomes of risky behaviors.
What psychosocial development task do young adults (20-35 years) face according to Erikson?
Intimacy vs. isolation.
What influences the self-concept development in young adults?
Avoidance of substance use disorders and frequency of interactions with family and friends.
What psychosocial development task do middle adults (35-65 years) face according to Erikson?
Generativity vs. stagnation.
What is the ‘sandwich generation’ in middle adults?
Providing assistance to aging parents, adult children, and grandchildren.
What body image changes might middle-aged adults experience?
Concerns about desirability due to changes in physical appearance.
What psychosocial development task do older adults (65 years and older) face according to Erikson?
Integrity vs. despair.
What adjustment might older adults need to make regarding their lifestyle?
Adjusting to retirement and associated changes.
What is a priority action for children and adolescents indicating depression?
Assessment includes temperament and social factors.
What tool is used for assessing adolescents’ mental health?
HEADSSS standardized assessment tool.
What is the recommended caloric intake for mildly active preschoolers?
1200 to 1400 calories per day.
What framework does the American Academy of Pediatrics recommend to combat obesity in young children?
5-2-1-0 framework.
What is an important intervention for adolescents experiencing depression?
Encouraging open communication.
What role do nurses play in managing adolescent depression?
Monitoring symptom progression and ensuring appropriate referrals.
What is a key aspect of promoting medication adherence in adolescents?
Ensuring understanding of the prescribed medication regimen.
What is the importance of adherence to prescribed medication regimens for adolescents?
Improves adherence and effectiveness of treatment
Non-adherence to antidepressant medications is common among adolescents.
Name two therapeutic modalities that should be promoted for adolescents with depression.
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Interpersonal Therapy (IPT)
These therapies help address negative thought patterns and improve interpersonal relationships.
What is a key intervention in addressing suicide risk in adolescents?
Conduct a suicide risk assessment and implement a safety plan
This includes identifying warning signs, establishing emergency contacts, and ensuring safety in the environment.
What should be monitored regularly in adolescents taking antidepressant medications?
Potential side effects such as weight changes, sleep disturbances, and agitation
Open communication about side effects is essential for treatment adherence.
Fill in the blank: Healthy coping strategies reduce stress and can improve _______.
[emotional regulation]
What is the role of family involvement in supporting adolescents with mental health issues?
Key to supporting mental health and resolving conflicts
Family therapy helps promote understanding and a supportive home environment.
What is the purpose of developing an individualized education plan (IEP) for adolescents?
To reduce academic stress and support emotional needs
Collaboration with school personnel can enhance support.
What intervention promotes a sense of accomplishment and pleasure in adolescents?
Encouraging scheduling of enjoyable activities
Behavioral activation helps counter inertia and withdrawal associated with depression.
What lifestyle choices should be promoted to adolescents to support mental health?
- Healthy sleep hygiene
- Balanced diet
- Regular exercise
These choices are connected to both physical and mental health.
How should nurses monitor progress in adolescents undergoing depression treatment?
Regularly assess progress and modify the care plan as necessary
Continuous evaluation allows for tailored adjustments in care.
What should be addressed in therapy for adolescents struggling with depression?
Self-esteem and identity
Encouraging positive self-talk and setting achievable goals is essential.
True or False: Encouraging the development of a support system is important for adolescents coping with depression.
True
A strong support system reduces feelings of isolation.
What is the focus of primary prevention in substance abuse?
Educating and preventing the initial use of substances
This includes health education programs and promoting healthy lifestyles.
What is the goal of secondary prevention in substance abuse?
Early identification and intervention
This involves screening for risk factors and providing counseling.
For children already struggling with substance abuse, what is a key nursing intervention?
Developing treatment plans that may include referrals to specialists
Nurses are integral in multidisciplinary teams focused on recovery.
What techniques can nurses teach to promote emotional regulation in children?
- Deep breathing
- Mindfulness
- Journaling
These techniques help manage stress and anxiety.
What behavioral observation is indicative of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
Difficulty staying focused on tasks
Other signs include impulsivity and hyperactivity.
What are some behavioral observations for Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)?
- Defiance
- Anger and irritability
- Vindictiveness
Regular refusal to comply with rules is a key indicator.
What symptoms are associated with anxiety disorders in children?
- Excessive worrying
- Avoidance of activities
- Physical symptoms like stomachaches
Separation anxiety is also a common issue.
What key observation indicates a depressive disorder in children?
Persistent sadness and withdrawal from activities
Changes in sleep and eating patterns are also significant.
What behavioral signs are indicative of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)?
- Social challenges
- Repetitive behaviors
- Communication difficulties
Sensory sensitivities are also common.
What are common behaviors associated with Conduct Disorder?
- Aggression
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness
- Serious rule violations
Monitoring frequency of these behaviors is crucial.
What difficulties characterize learning disabilities?
- Difficulty with reading or math
- Frustration and avoidance of tasks
- Poor memory
Referral for formal testing may be necessary.
What are serious warning signs of suicide?
- Sudden mood swings
- Developing a suicide plan
- Complaining of guilt or shame
- Increased substance use
- Changes in eating or sleeping habits
- Displaying rage
- Talking about seeking revenge
These signs should prompt immediate attention.
What is the first step in creating a support group for students?
Identify the purpose and goals of the support group
This sets the foundation for the group’s focus.
What are warning signs of severe mental distress?
- Having sudden and extreme mood swings
- Developing a suicide plan
- Complaining about feeling great guilt or shame
- Increasing use of drugs or alcohol
- Behaving anxious or agitated
- Changing eating or sleeping habits
- Displaying rage or talking about seeking revenge
These signs indicate a need for immediate support and intervention.
What is the first step in creating a support group for students?
Identify the Purpose and Goals of the Support Group
This involves determining the primary focus and measurable goals for the group.
How can the needs of students be assessed for a support group?
- Conduct Surveys or Interviews
- Identify Target Group
Surveys and interviews help identify common challenges facing students.
What is essential for creating a safe and confidential environment in a support group?
- Ensure confidentiality
- Establish ground rules
Confidentiality helps students feel safe in expressing their feelings.
What role does collaboration play in a support group for students?
Collaboration with school personnel ensures integration into the school system and alignment with policies
This may involve supervision by mental health professionals.
What types of structured activities can be implemented in a support group?
- Group Discussions
- Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques
- Role-playing
- Art or Journaling
- Educational Sessions
- Support Networks
These activities promote self-expression and emotional learning.
What is the importance of setting a regular schedule for support group meetings?
Consistency helps build trust and allows students to look forward to sessions
Sessions should be brief to maintain engagement.
What should be provided as follow-up support after group meetings?
- Individual Support
- Referral System
- Monitor Progress
Individual sessions can help students needing more support.
How can peer involvement be promoted in a support group?
- Train peer leaders
- Involvement in decision making
Peer support can increase engagement and relevance to students’ needs.
What is a key strategy for evaluating and adjusting a support group?
- Gather feedback continuously
- Make adjustments based on feedback
This helps ensure the group meets the students’ needs.
What psychosocial impact does iron deficiency anemia have on individuals?
- Fatigue and Decreased Energy
- Cognitive and Academic Difficulties
- Mood Changes and Mental Health Concerns
- Social Isolation
- Impact on Family Dynamics
- Reduced Self-Esteem and Body Image Concerns
- Behavioral Issues in Children
- Impact on Motivation and Life Goals
Each impact affects emotional and social aspects of life.
What are common symptoms of mild persistent asthma?
- Wheezing
- Coughing
- Chest tightness
Symptoms occur at least 2 days a week.
What are the contraindications for live vaccines like MMR and Varicella?
Avoid in immunocompromised patients
Special precautions should be taken for those with specific health conditions.
What are the expected findings when assessing an 8-year-old school-age child?
- Cognitive: Concrete operational stage
- Psychosocial: Industry vs. Inferiority
- Physical: Growth spurts, fine motor refinement
These factors influence their development and education.
What are the common eating disorders that adolescents may face?
- Anorexia nervosa
- Bulimia
- Binge eating disorder
Awareness of these disorders is crucial for early intervention.
What is the significance of object permanence in Piaget’s stages?
Develops in the sensorimotor stage
Understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight is essential for cognitive development.
What are high-risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
- Unprotected sex
- Multiple partners
- Early sexual activity
Prevention strategies include education and safe practices.
At what ages does scoliosis screening typically begin for girls and boys?
10–12 for girls and 13–14 for boys.
What are the signs of scoliosis?
Uneven shoulders, asymmetrical waist, spinal curvature.
What interventions are recommended for mild cases of scoliosis?
Monitoring.
What interventions are recommended for moderate to severe cases of scoliosis?
Bracing or surgery.
What are high-risk factors for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)?
Unprotected sex, multiple partners, early sexual activity.
Name common STIs.
- Chlamydia
- Gonorrhea
- HPV
- HIV
What are effective prevention methods for STIs?
- Condoms
- Regular testing
- HPV vaccine
What is an important aspect of educating about condoms?
Store in a cool, dry place to prevent damage.
How should healthcare providers communicate about STIs?
Ask open-ended questions, express empathy, encourage open dialogue.
What are key strategies for HIV/AIDS prevention?
- Limit partners
- Get regular testing
- Avoid sharing needles
What psychosocial development goal is associated with adolescence?
Identity vs role confusion.
What psychosocial impacts are associated with osteoarthritis?
- Chronic pain and fatigue
- Depression and anxiety
- Decreased social interaction
What is a psychosocial assessment for clients with migraines?
Ask how they are feeling and identify triggers.
What psychosocial impacts are noted in beta thalassemia?
- Chronic illness stress
- Hopelessness
- Body image issues
What psychosocial impacts are associated with childhood allergies?
- Anxiety about exposure
- Social isolation
- Overprotective parenting
What sources of nutrition are important for iron deficiency anemia?
- Red meats
- Chicken
- Fish
- Spinach
- Tofu
- Dried fruit
What dietary recommendations are appropriate for diabetes mellitus?
- Choose complex carbs
- Limit simple sugars
- Focus on unsaturated fats
What dietary advice is given for a client with gout?
- Low purine foods
- Drink 2-3L of water
- Avoid organ meats and seafood
What dietary recommendations are made for clients with inflammatory bowel disease?
- Low fiber diet
- Lean protein
- Drink fluids
- Small frequent meals
What is a heart-healthy diet for cardiovascular and hematologic disorders?
- Lower cholesterol
- Improve blood circulation
- Prevent heart attacks
What are sources of dietary protein for vegetarians?
- Legumes
- Soybean products
- Plant-based proteins
- Whole grains
What defines a complete protein?
Contains all 9 essential amino acids.
What warning signs may indicate substance abuse in school-aged children?
- Sudden behavior changes
- Decline in school performance
- Mood swings
What is toxic shock syndrome and what causes it?
A rare condition caused by staphylococcus aureus, linked to prolonged tampon use.
What dietary recommendations are given for cholecystitis and cholelithiasis?
- Low fat diet
- Smaller frequent meals
- Stay hydrated
What are common comorbidities of eating disorders?
- Anxiety Disorders
- Depression
- Substance Use Disorders
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
What causes Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome?
Severe deficiency of thiamine (vitamin B1) due to chronic alcohol misuse.
What are expected findings in Conduct Disorder?
- Aggressive behavior
- Destruction of property
- Deceitfulness or theft
- Serious rule violations
What is acetylcysteine used for?
- Thin and loosen mucus
- Antidote for acetaminophen overdose
How is pernicious anemia diagnosed?
Using the Schilling test.
What are key risk factors for health issues?
- Genetics
- Gender
- Physiological factors
- Environmental factors
- Lifestyle choices
- Age
What are common sources of caffeine?
- Coffee
- Tea
- Soft drinks
- Energy drinks
- Chocolate
What is the recommended daily intake of vegetables and fruits?
- Vegetables: at least 2.5 cups
- Fruits: at least 2 cups
What are findings associated with anorexia nervosa?
- Significant weight loss
- Intense fear of gaining weight
- Distorted body image
- Amenorrhea
