Intro to Pharmacology

Question 1

Grapefruit juice medication interaction that slows metabolism and causes toxicity

Answer 1

Sertraline
Fexofenadine
Nifedipine

Question 2

Factors that influence the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of medications

Answer 2

1.the route of administration,
2. the presence of acute or chronic medical conditions
3. physiologic changes that occur with aging
4. medication-medication or medication-food interactions.

Question 3

medication indication

Answer 3

a medications intended therapeutic action

Question 4

adverse drug reaction

Answer 4

unintentional, non-therapeutic effect of a medication

Question 5

contraindication for a medication

Answer 5

means that it should not be prescribed for a client because it has the potential to cause a serious adverse drug reaction

Question 6

medication half-life

Answer 6

is the time it takes for a medication to decrease in amount by half after it enters the body

Question 7

onset of action

Answer 7

the amount of time it takes for a medication to produce a therapeutic response

Question 8

peak effect

Answer 8

is the time it takes for a medication to produce the full therapeutic effect

Question 9

duration of action

Answer 9

the length of time the therapeutic effect lasts

Question 10

peak level of a medication

Answer 10

is the point in time at which the medication is at the highest level in the body

Question 11

trough level of a medication

Answer 11

is the point in time at which the medication is at the lowest level in the body

Question 12

Extended-release tablets

Answer 12

release the medication over an extended period of time. So client can take less frequently

Question 13

additive effect of medications

Answer 13

1. When two or more medications are given at the same time and have similar actions, an additive effect will occur.
2. Clients can take some medications together for their additive effects, so they can take lower doses of each medication.
3. Additive effects occur when two or more medications with similar actions are taken at the same tim

Question 14

Teratogenic medications can cause

Answer 14

Birth defects, fetal malformation

Question 15

medication precaution

Answer 15

includes disease states, such as kidney disease, or clinical situations in which use of a medication involves particular risks or dosage modification might be necessary

Question 16

chemical stability

Answer 16

how a medication should be stored and handled to maintain maximum effectiveness

Question 17

pharmacologic action

Answer 17

the mechanism of action of a medication on the body to achieve the desired effect

Question 18

an indication of medication hypersensitivity

Answer 18

itching

Question 19

Tolerance to a medication

Answer 19

develops when it is taken over an extended period of time and the body’s response to the same dose of the medication decreases.

Question 20

medication interaction

Answer 20

occurs when a client is taking two or more medications together, and it results in an increase or decrease in therapeutic effects or causes adverse medication interactions that could result in harm to the client.

Question 21

Medication toxicity

Answer 21

-develops when the amount of a medication that is taken is greater than its rate of excretion, and it results in the medication accumulating in the body.
-A client who has renal insufficiency might have delayed or impaired excretion of the medication.
-The medication dosage should be reduced if toxicity occurs.

Question 22

Withdrawal aka (abstinence syndrome)

Answer 22

If the client is dependent on the medication, withdrawal symptoms can occur when it is abruptly discontinued. Resulting in sweating, tremors, and nausea.

Question 23

pharmacokinetics

Answer 23

section outlines how the drug is processed in the body through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion

Question 24

Enteric-coated tablets

Answer 24

1.absorbed in the small intestine
2.slows the absorption of the medication
3.Dissolving an enteric-coated tablet in the mouth destroys its protective coating
4.Medications that irritate the stomach are often covered with an enteric coating that does not dissolve until the medication enters the alkaline environment of the small intestine.
5.Clients should not crush or chew enteric-coated medications because this will damage the enteric coating.

Question 25

Anaphylaxis

Answer 25

-an immediate and life-threatening allergic response, manifesting as bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, and a rapid drop in blood pressure.
-Immediate treatment with epinephrine and IV fluids is imperative.

Question 26

Agonist medications

Answer 26

bind to cell receptors in the body and are targeted to a specific type of receptor. When they attach to the receptors, they perform the same action as a hormone or chemical would, increasing the effects of that hormone or chemical. For example, pharmacological insulin is administered to clients who have little to no insulin to mimic insulin’s effects in the body.

Question 27

Antagonists

Answer 27

are medications that bind with a receptor and either block a response or precipitate a less than typical response.

Question 28

Competitive antagonists

Answer 28

medications that bind with a receptor and prevent other medications or chemicals in the body from attaching to cell receptors, which means they prevent or minimize certain effects.