Lifespan Chapter 3

Question 1

Average weight at birth?

Answer 1

7.5 pounds

Question 2

Average length at birth?

Answer 2

20 inches

Question 3

Average weight and height at 2 years of age?

Answer 3

30 pounds and 32-26 inches

Question 4

What is head-sparing?

Answer 4

happens in malnourished children; head grows but bodies do not

Question 5

How do we track the growth of babies?

Answer 5

use norms and percentiles, points on a scale of 1 to 99

Question 6

What are the effects of malnutrition?

Answer 6

Reduced weight, Stunted height, and Slow growth of head

Question 7

How much do newborns sleep?

Answer 7

18 hours a day

Question 8

What is transient exuberance and when does it occur?

Answer 8

A huge increase in neural connections over the first two of life

five-fold increase in first two years

Question 9

What is pruning and when does this occur?

Answer 9

normal neurons wither from non-use, happens the first two years(biosocial)

Question 10

What is plasticity and how can it affect development?

Answer 10

The idea that some traits are moldable and thus can change during life (ex. Personality, abilities)

Question 10

What is the difference between experience expectant and experience dependent?

Answer 10

Experience expectant – necessary for normal development requires basic common experiences (ex. Talking, touching)

Experience dependent – requires certain and varied experiences varies between people (ex. Language you hear you then speak)

Question 11

What are the five senses present at birth?

Answer 11

Sight, sound, taste, touch, and smell

Question 12

When does hearing begin?

Answer 12

About 5 months

Question 13

When is vision most accurate?

Answer 13

Most readily focus on objects

Question 14

What is the distance of the clearest vision for newborns?

Answer 14

12-18 inches away

Question 15

What is the function of the senses?

Answer 15

To enable social interaction and to bring comfort to the baby

Question 16

What are reflexes?

Answer 16

Involuntary response to stimuli

Question 17

What reflexes help with these bodily need:

Answer 17

Breathing – hiccups, sneezing, thrashing; all help maintain oxygen supply

Body temperature – shivering, crying, tucking legs close to the body

Feeding – sucking, rooting reflex

Question 18

What are gross motor skills?

Answer 18

Large muscle movements: walk, run, sit up

Question 19

What are fine motor skills?

Answer 19

Small muscle movement: grasping, holding, thumb and forefinger together

Question 20

When do most babies crawl?

Answer 20

Between 8 – 10 months

Question 21

When do most babies stand?

Answer 21

About 10 months

Question 21

When do most babies walk unassisted?

Answer 21

About 12 months

Question 22

When do most babies reach for and grasp for an object?

Answer 22

About 6 months

Question 23

How have children's death rates changed over the decades? Why has this change occurred?

Answer 23

Between 1950 and 2010, 2 billion children died before age 5, Today less than 1/200 die before age 5 Immunizations

Question 24

What is SIDS? How do we prevent SIDS?

Answer 24

Sudden infant death syndrome No soft bedding, put to sleep on their back, and healthy weight at birth

Question 25

What are some facts about breast milk?

Answer 25

Sterile and body temperature, more easily digestible, gives child mom's immunities, and helps prevent many infant illnesses and allergies

Question 26

What is the history of breast milk and formula?

Answer 26

All babies were breastfed, wet nurses were used, formula/dry milk was invented, upper class people used bottles and formulas, and lower class still breast-fed

Question 27

What is protein-calorie malnutrition?

Answer 27

When bay is not getting enough of any food; not getting enough calories

Question 28

What is marasmus and its effects?

Answer 28

The worst disease caused by malnutrition, and it causes the growth stops, body tissue wastes away, infant eventually dies

Question 29

What is Kwashiorkor?

Answer 29

Disease of an older child when a younger child arrives, it refers to mom no longer breastfeeding the older child because now feeding the younger child who has arrived

Question 30

What are the effects of Kwashiorkor?

Answer 30

Face, legs, and abdomen swell with fluid, low energy level, hair becomes thin, brittle, and colorless, and child becomes more vulnerable to other childhood diseases